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éESé !ÇThere are three ways to use HELP:!ÇDÇ1.  You may press the "?" key at any time during your work. The helpD?ätext that appears will apply to the command you were using when?Bäyou pressed "?". When you resume (by pressing "R"), your work willBäbe exactly as you left it.EÇ2.  You may view information on special topics right now by selectingE>äone of the topics listed at the bottom of the screen. Type the>!äfirst letter of the desired word.!FÇ3.  You may familiarize yourself with all the available information byFAäpaging through the help text right now. Select "Next" (press "N")Aä"Previous" or "Start" page.ÇIÇIf you need information on a specific command, highlight the command nameI7Çon the proper menu (using the space bar) and press "?".7ÇÇApplicationsÇ>ÇThe following table provides an index to the commands and help>'Çtopics which apply to common questions.'Ç%ÇIf you need to:   You should consult:%-Çenter data:        Value, Lock, Help Keyboard-Çenter text:        Alpha Çuse menus:         Help Commands Çenter arguments toücommands:         Help EditingÇedit text or+üformulas:         Help Editing, Edit, Alpha+ Çdo calculations:   Help Formulas Çuse mathematicalüor financialüfunctions:        Help FormulasÇmove through the%üsheet:            Help Commands, Goto%;Çcreate headings:   Format (Continuous), Window Split Titles;Çuse data inüinactive sheets:  XternalÇdefine or deleteünames for cells:  Names Çuse names:         Help Formulas Çchange the formatüof numbers:       FormatÇre-arrange sheet,ücontents:         Copy, Delete, Insert, Move,Çreplicate dataüor formulas:      Copy!Çclear the sheet:   Transfer Clear!
Çsave and load
üfiles:            Transfer	Çshow file	üdirectory:        Transfer Load Çincrease speed:    Option recalc Çalphabetize:       Sort■ÇEDITINGÇGÇThe editing commands give you an easy way to use what is already on theGHÇscreen, so you do less typing. You can use the editing commands any timeH7Çyou are entering or changing values, text, or formulas.7Ç&ÇIf you need to:   Here is what you do:&ÇÇDelete proposed@üresponse:        Just type the replacement. Multiplan will auto-@'Æmatically delete the proposed response.'ÇAppend to proposed@üresponse:        To expand proposed cell references, just type a@5Æcolon (:) or other operator; in other instances press5(Æthe Character or Word Right key and type(Æthe rest of the text.DÇInsert new text:  Type the text. It will be inserted in front of theD7Æhighlighted cursor. Move the cursor if necessary before7Ætyping.AÇDelete some text: Use backspace to delete in front of the cursor.A1ÆUse the delete key to delete what is highlighted.10ÆMove the highlight as necessary before deletion.0<ÇReplace some text:Just delete the old text and type the new.<9ÇMove highlight:   Use Character/Word Left/Right keys (see9Æunder Keyboard).ÇÇÇFORMULASÇAÇFormulas are recipes for producing values. The table of functionsADÇthat may be used in formulas is shown below. Other parts of formulasD"Çare described following the table."ÇBÇThe following functions operate on a set of values either given asB<Çarguments or contained in areas referenced by the arguments:<ÇHÇAND(list)   Returns True if (and only if) all values are True, otherwiseHîreturns False.&ÇAVERAGE(list) = SUM(list)/COUNT(list).&GÇCOUNT(list) number of values that are given explicitly or by reference.G"ÇMAX(list)   largest of the values."#ÇMIN(list)   smallest of the values.#GÇNPV(d,list) Returns the Net Present Value of the cash flows representedG:îby the values. The first parameter d is the discount rate.:GÇOR(list)    Returns True if (and only if) any argument values are True,Gîotherwise returns False.4ÇSTDEV(list) sample standard deviation of the values.4ÇSUM(list)   sum of the values.Ç2ÇThe other functions have fixed arguments as shown:2Ç+ÇABS(n)      absolute value of the number n.+'ÇATAN(n)     arctangent of n in radians.'3ÇCOS(n)      cosine of the angle n given in radians.3"ÇCOLUMN()    current column number."LÇDOLLAR(n,m) the text string showing the value n in $ format with m decimals.LÇEXP(n)      e to the power n.$ÇFALSE()     the logical value False.$@ÇFIXED(n,m)  the text containing n in Fix format with m decimals.@îm=0 is the same as Int format.8ÇIF(f,a,b)   Returns a if f is True, otherwise returns b.86ÇINDEX(vector,n) Returns the nth element in the vector.6?ÇINDEX(area,n,m) Returns the value in the nth row and mth column?îof the rectangular area.@ÇINT(n)      the largest integer that is less than or equal to n.@>ÇISERROR(n)  Returns True if (and only if) n is an error value.>=ÇISNA(n)     Returns True if (and only if) n is an #N/A value.=3ÇLEN(t)      the length of the text t in characters.3&ÇLN(n)       the base e logarithm of n.&'ÇLOG10(n)    the base 10 logarithm of n.'HÇLOOKUP(n,area) works as follows: If the area is higher than wide, n willHCübe looked up in the first column of the area. If n is less than theCHüfirst cell in the first row, #N/A is returned. Otherwise Multiplan scansHFüfor the row that in the first column contains the greatest number lessF@üor equal to n. The result is the value in the last column of the@Güsame row. For areas wider than high, rows and columns are interchanged.GJÇMID(t,n,m)  starting at position n, take m characters of the text value t.J6ÇMOD(n,m)    the remainder of the integer division n/m.63ÇNA()        returns the #N/A (not available) value.32ÇNOT(f)      the opposite of the True/False flag f.2(ÇPI()        the value of pi. (3.1416...)((ÇREPT(t,n)   the text t repeated n times.(*ÇROUND(n,m)  n rounded to m decimal places.*#ÇROW()       the current row number.#5ÇSIGN(n)     Returns -1 if n<0, 0 if n=0, 1 otherwise.59ÇSIN(n)      the sine of the angle n specified in radians.9!ÇSQRT(n)     the square root of n.!'ÇTAN(n)      the tangent of the angle n.'#ÇTRUE()      the logical value True.#CÇVALUE(t)    The text t must contain the representation of a numericC1îconstant. The value of that constant is returned.1ÇÇFinancial functions include:ÇEÇIRR(list,guess) Returns the internal rate of return of the cash flowsEIürepresented by list. The default for Guess is 0. It does not usually needIHüto be filled, but when the cash flows change sign more than once IRR canHHühave multiple solutions.  In this case the function returns #NUM!.  WhenHKüthis happens try different values for Guess.  Usually a value between 0 andKü1 will yield a result.ÇJÇMIRR(list,safe,risk) Returns the modified internal rate of return for cashJHüflows represented by list. Safe is the rate used to finance the negativeHIüflows. Risk is the reinvestment rate for interim positive flows. Safe andIüRisk must be decimal fractions.ÇHÇPV(rate,nper,pmt,fv,t) Returns the present value of constant cash flows.HHüRate is the discount rate, NPR the number of payments, PMT the amount ofHIüeach payment, and FV is the future value. T=1 indicates payments are madeIIüat the beginning of the period ("annuity due"); T=0 is payment at the endI,ü("annuity in arrears"). Defaults: FV=0, T=0.,ÇLÇFV(rate,nper,pmt,pv,t) Returns the future value of a stream of constant cashLüflows. Defaults: PV=0, T=0.ÇKÇNPER(rate,pmt,pv,fv,t) Returns the number of payments. Defaults: PV=0, T=0.KÇ@ÇPMT(rate,nper,pv,fv,t) Returns the payment. Defaults: FV=0, T=0.@ÇKÇRATE(nper,pmt,pv,fv,t,guess) Returns the interest rate. Defaults FV=0, T=0,KIüGuess=0. Rate can have more than one solution. When this is the case, theIJüfunction may return #NUM!. To correct this, specify your best guess of theJJücorrect answer. Try different values (in decimal fractions such as .25 forJ;ü25%). Usually a number between 0 and 1 will yield a result.;ÇJÇFormulas are made by combining values (text and numbers) and references toJEÇother cells with the usual arithmetic operations and other functions.EDÇNumeric values are stored with 14 digits of precision (mantissa) andDDÇa decimal exponent ranging from -64 to +62. Numeric constants may beDGÇtyped as integers (123), decimal fractions (123.001), or in exponentialGDÇnotation (123.001E3). The exponent sign (E) may be typed in upper orDHÇlower case. Percentages may be typed in, followed by percent sign (12%).HÇFÇText-valued constants are enclosed in double quotes (the constants mayFÇnot themselves contain quotes).ÇBÇMultiplan may produce error values that will propagate through theBÇoperations. These are:ÇDÇ#N/A    not available: a special value that may be created using theD7êNA() function and that will be propagated by arithmetic7êoperations..Ç#NAME?  result of an undefined name reference..@Ç#NUM!   result of overflow or illegal use of arithmetic function@êe.g. sqrt(-1).,Ç#DIV/0! result of an attempt to divide by 0.,BÇ#REF!   relative reference reaching outside the sheet or referenceBêto a deleted area.3Ç#NULL!  intersection of disjoint areas, e.g. R1 R2.3AÇ#VALUE! use of text value where a number is needed or vice versa.A=êUse of references in illegal contexts when a value is needed.=ÇJÇAbsolute references are special names that incorporate absolute row and/orJGÇcolumn numbers and that are used to refer to particular cells or groupsGFÇof cells. A reference may be used to get the value from the referencedFGÇcell. Absolute references may be entered simply by using direction keysG"Çfollowed by the Reference key (@)."Ç-ÇRnCm    (e.g., R2C3) refers to a single cell.-ÇRn      refers to all of row n."ÇCn      refers to all of column n."5ÇRn:m    refers to rows n through m (short for Rn:Rm.)58ÇCn:m    refers to columns n through m (short for Cn:Cm.)8ÇFÇRelative references are measured from the cell containing the formula.F<ÇThey can be entered using the direction keys. The forms are:<Ç=ÇR[-n], R[+n] are the nth row above and below the active cell.=BÇC[-n], C[+n] are the nth column left and right of the active cell.Bê(the + sign may be omitted);ÇR       is the row containing the active cell (i.e., R[0]).;>ÇC       is the column containing the active cell (i.e., C[0]).>+Çand combinations of the above, e.g. R[-2]C.+ÇJÇNames may be defined to be any absolute reference (with the Name command).JDÇA name may be used anywhere an absolute reference can be used. NamesDFÇmust start with a letter and may contain letters, digits, periods, andFGÇunderline characters. They may be entered by pressing the Reference keyGHÇ(@) and stepping through the list of defined names using the directionalHÇkeys.ÇÇThe operators in formulas are:ÇÇ+       arithmetic additionÇ-       subtractionÇ*       multiplicationÇ/       divisionBÇ^       exponentiation. Calculated by the rule: a^b = exp(ln(a)*b)B,êfor exponents that are not integral numbers.,Ç%       percent, same as /100EÇ&       text string concatenation. The formula "$"&"1.00" will yield:Eê"$1.00".;Ç<, <=, =, >=, >, <> are comparison operators: less, less or;7êequal, equal, greater or equal, greater, and not equal.7&êTo be used for comparing numbers only.&ÇEÇThe operators require single values as operands.  If presented with aEDÇvector (a rectangular collection of cells of width or height =1), itDIÇwill be automatically intersected by the current row or column, whicheverI9Çis perpendicular to the vector, to obtain a single value.9Ç@ÇThe following three operators operate on groups (sets) of cells:@Ç?Ç(space) intersection of two areas, the collection of cells that?êbelong to both operands.DÇ,       union of the two areas; cells that belong to either operand.D?Ç:       range operator:  the smallest rectangular collection of?0êcells that includes all cells in either operand.08êFor example, R1C1:R2C2 is the rectangle with R1C1 as its85êupper left corner and R2C2 as its lower right corner.5■ÇCOMMAND OVERVIEWÇHÇThe Multiplan worksheet consists of a grid of up to 63 columns in width,HAÇand 255 rows in length. The screen has one or more "windows" intoAFÇthe worksheet, and an area showing command, message, and status lines.FCÇThe message line suggests the action to be taken or explains errorsCCÇwhen they occur. The status line displays coordinates of the activeCHÇcell, its contents, percentage of storage remaining, and worksheet name.HHÇThere is a highlighted "active cell" on the worksheet. The highlight canHFÇbe moved around by pressing the direction keys. The same keys are alsoFGÇused for scrolling the contents of windows. The Home key may be used toGÇgo to row 1 column 1 quickly.ÇHÇThe command menu offers a choice of commands. To get going, you need to:HBÇ1.      Select an active cell. The direction keys may be used. TheB2êsame keys also scroll the worksheet in the window.2@Ç2.      Select a command. There are two ways to do this. You can@4êmove the highlight to a command word using the space45êor backspace keys and then press RETURN. Or, type the5!êfirst letter of the command word.!5êA new and more specific command menu or the parameter55êfields with the proposed responses will be displayed.5AÇ3.      Specify the parameters of the command. The TAB key may beAFêused to move from field to field. See "Editing" for other useful tips.FJÇ4.      You may use the Cancel key at any time to return to the main menu.J5Ç5.      Press RETURN. The command is now carried out.5■%ÇPress "?" for additional information.%ÇÇALPHAÇ?ÇUsed to enter or edit alpha text terminated by RETURN. An empty?:Çstring of characters may not be entered with this command.:ÇÇALPHA/VALUEÇ?ÇIf an Alpha or Value command is terminated with a direction key?>Çor any other key that moves the cursor, Multiplan will respond>CÇwith ALPHA/VALUE, ready to accept another alpha or value entry. TheC;Çfirst character typed will determine the type of entry. The;;Çcharacters 0 through 9, =, +, -, (, and " select VALUE; all;Çother characters select ALPHA.ÇCÇThis process may be repeated to enter a sequence of text or values.CÇEÇIf the text is too long, an error message will result. Note also thatE.Çdouble quotes may not be used in text strings..■ÇBLANKÇ)ÇBlanks out contents of specified cell(s).)ÇHÇThe parameter must describe an area of the sheet.  When an error messageHLÇoccurs, check to see that all names have been defined and also check the useLCÇof parentheses and operators. For more information about the use ofCAÇparentheses and operators select "Formulas" (F) on the Help Menu.A■ÇÇCOPYÇCÇReplicates cell contents into other cells. A variety of sources andCÇdestinations is provided.Ç2ÇThe from: and to: area must have compatible shape.2Ç	ÇCOPY FROM	ÇKÇCopies contents and format of a cell or group of cells to another location.KÇParameters are:Ç=Ç1.  Description of a cell or the group of cells to be copied.=ÇAÇ2.  Area to be filled with single source cell, or upper left cellABäwhere the source group should be copied. Copy from a source into aB/äsimilarly shaped target area is also permitted./Ç
ÇCOPY RIGHT
ÇDÇUsed to make a row of identical values or formulas.  Parameters are:DÇ=Ç1.  Number of copies to be made to the right of the "source".=FäTotal number of identical cells will be this number +1 (the original).FÇDÇ2.  This parameter (the "source" of copying), is usually left as theD<äactive cell which is the proposed response. A vertical group<4ä("vector") may be copied instead to create a matrix.4ÇÇÇ	ÇCOPY DOWN	ÇIÇUsed to fill a column with identical values or formulas.  Parameters are:IÇ3Ç1.  Number of copies to be made below the "source".3ÇCÇ2.  This is the source of the copy, usually left as the active cellC=äwhich is the proposed response. A horizontal group ("vector")='ämay be copied instead to form a matrix.'■ÇDELETEÇBÇDeletes all or parts of rows or columns. Space is closed up, henceB:Çcells to the right of or below the deleted area will move.:ÇÇDELETE ROWSÇHÇDeletes all or part of row(s); space will be closed up; formulas, names,HÇand references are adjusted.,ÇTo delete the active row, just press RETURN.,>ÇEffects of deletions on references and formulas, as well as on>=Çstructures of rows and columns, must be carefully considered.=ÇThe parameters are:Ç Ç1.  Number of rows to be deleted Ç2.  First row to be deletedGÇ3.4.These two parameters are usually left as proposed. They may be usedG<äto limit the deletion to a range of columns. Cells below the</ärange will move up to occupy the deleted space./ÇÇDELETE COLUMNSÇDÇDeletes all or part of column(s); space will be closed up; formulas,D3Çnames, and references are adjusted. Parameters are:3Ç#Ç1.  Number of columns to be deleted#Ç2.  First column to be deletedBÇ3.4.These two parameters are usually left as proposed. They may beB;äused to limit the deletion to a range of rows. Cells to the;>äright of the range will move left to occupy the deleted space.>■ÇEDITÇ@ÇPuts contents of active cell on command line for editing. Edited@3Çvalue is reassigned to cell when RETURN is pressed.3Ç>ÇWhen editing formulas, check carefully before pressing RETURN.>#ÇUse the Alpha command to edit text.#Ç(ÇPress "E" now to see section on Editing.(■ÇFORMATÇ>ÇPresents four options for formatting cells as described below:>ÇÇÇFORMAT DEFAULT CELLSÇ;ÇUsed to change the format for all cells that have the "Def";@Çproperty. The desired format (as well as alignment) is described@%Çunder the Format Cells command below.%ÇÇFORMAT CELLSÇ@ÇSets a specific format and alignment for one or more cells. Just@DÇtyping "FC" shows the properties of the active cell. Parameters are:DÇ+Ç1.  Cell or group of cells to be formatted.+Ç2.  Alignment. Choices are:Ç:ÇDef     Aligns as specified in the Format Default command.:ÇCtr     Centers cell entries2ÇGen     (General) Aligns text left, numbers right.2(ÇLeft    Aligns cell entries to the left.()ÇRight   Aligns cell entries to the right.) Ç-       Do not change alignment. ÇÇ3.  Format. Choices are:Ç:ÇDef     Format as specified in the Format Default command.:>ÇCont    Continues long text across column border, if next cell> êempty and also formatted "Cont". CÇExp     (Scientific notation) Displays numbers as a decimal times aC?êpower of ten. Number of digits as specified in "# of decimals."?;ÇFix     Rounds to and displays number of decimals specified;êin "# of decimals" field.?ÇGen     (General) Displays numbers in the most appropriate form?3êconsidering the size of the cell and of the number.39ÇInt     Numbers will be shown as integers after rounding.9KÇ$       Displays numbers with leading dollar sign and the number of decimalK1êplaces specified.  The default is 2 (e.g. $1.00).1JÇ*       (Bar Graph) Displays as many asterisks as the value of the number.JKÇ%       (percent) Displays the number times 100 followed by a percent sign.KÇ-       Do not change format.ÇLÇ4.  Number of decimals. This is used in the Exp, Fix, $ and % formats above.LÇÇÇFORMAT WIDTHÇDÇSets width (3 to 32 characters) for specified column(s). Multiplan'sD'Çinitial default width is 10 characters.'ÇJÇText (words) are cut off at edge of column, but cell content is preserved.JDÇWiden column to display entire text, or use Format Cells (ContinuousD%Çformat) to run text into next column.%Ç@ÇNumbers too wide to be displayed are indicated by # signs. Widen@#Çcolumn(s) to display entire number.#ÇÇParameters are:ÇBÇ1.  Width of column in characters. A "D" will cause the columns toB3äuse the "default width" (See Format Default width).3#Ç2.3.Range of columns to be changed.#ÇÇFORMAT DEFAULTÇAÇUsed to set formatting for cells with "Default" formatting, widthAHÇfor columns that have "Default" width, and for other formatting options.HÇÇÇFORMAT DEFAULT WIDTHÇ>ÇUsed to change the width of columns that have "Default" width.>+ÇInitially all columns have "Default" width.+ÇÇFORMAT OPTIONSÇ=Ç"comma" option: when selected, numbers will be displayed with=6äcommas separating every third digit before the decimal6Däpoint. This affects only fixed, integer, percent and dollar formats.D=Ç"formulas" option: the formulas themselves will be shown, not=6äthe numerical values of the formulas. All field widths69äwill be automatically doubled to accommodate the formulas9äwhen this option is turned on.■ÇGOTOÇ%ÇUsed to move cell pointer over sheet.%ÇÇGOTO ROW-COLÇ@ÇMoves cell pointer directly to specified row and column. If cell@2Çrequested is already visible, window is not moved.22ÇOtherwise window is shifted to the specified cell.2Ç	ÇGOTO NAME	ÇCÇMoves cell pointer directly to the upper left corner of named area.CFÇThe direction keys may be used to step through the directory of names.FÇÇGOTO WINDOWÇCÇMoves worksheet so that the active cell is at the upper left cornerCÇof the designated window.■ÇINSERTÇDÇUsed to insert new blank cells into the sheet. Existing cells may beD%Çmoved to make room for the new cells.%Ç
ÇINSERT ROW
ÇGÇInserts entire blank rows across the sheet, or portions of rows betweenGEÇspecified columns. Rows below added row(s) are moved down. ReferencesEBÇaffected by insertions are adjusted. Name definitions are adjustedBÇaccordingly. Parameters are:Ç,Ç1.  Number of new blank rows to be inserted.,CÇ2.  The new space will be inserted before the contents of this row.C?Ç3.4.These parameters are usually left with the proposed values.?6äThey may be used to limit the insertion to between the6äspecified columns.Ç
ÇINSERT COLUMN
ÇIÇInserts entire columns in the sheet, or partial columns between specifiedIGÇrows. Columns to the right of the space inserted move right. ReferencesGBÇaffected by insertions are adjusted. Name definitions are adjustedBÇaccordingly. Parameters are:Ç.Ç1.  Number of new blank columns to be created..FÇ2.  The new space will be inserted to the left of the contents of thisFäcolumn.?Ç3.4.These parameters are usually left with the proposed values.?6äThey may be used to limit the insertion to between the6äspecified rows.■ÇLOCKÇ9ÇUsed to protect specified cell contents and formulas from9>Çunintentional change by other commands. The Lock Cells command>Çcan also unlock cells.=ÇIn a worksheet the next unlocked non-blank cell can be easily=(Çlocated by a special key (see Keyboard).(CÇNote that values imported from external sheets may be unlocked onlyCÇby the eXternal Copy command.Ç
ÇLOCK CELLS
ÇIÇUsed to protect specific cells from unintentional change. Parameters are:I3Ç1.  Cell or group of cells to be locked (unlocked).3DÇ2.  Shows current state (Locked or Unlocked) of current cell. Use toDäspecify desired state.Ç
ÇLOCK FORMULAS
ÇGÇIf confirmed, all cells in the sheet that contain text or formulas willGCÇbe locked. This may be a convenient first step in creating a lockedCDÇsheet. You may, however, wish to leave certain text strings unlockedDÇor lock some important numbers.Ç■ÇMOVEÇ=ÇUsed to move whole rows or columns from one place to another.=ÇÇÇMOVE ROWÇCÇMoves whole rows from one place to another in the sheet. ReferencesC?Çaffected by the move are adjusted, as are definitions of names.?ÇParameters are:ÇÇ1.  First row to be moved.@Ç2.  Moved rows will appear in front of the contents of this row.@+Ç3.  Number of consecutive rows to be moved.+ÇÇMOVE COLUMNÇFÇMoves whole columns from one place to another in the sheet. ReferencesF?Çaffected by the move are adjusted, as are definitions of names.?ÇParameters are:ÇÇ1.  First column to be moved.IÇ2.  Moved columns will appear to the left of the contents of this column.I.Ç3.  Number of consecutive columns to be moved..■ÇNAMEÇHÇUsed to name a cell or group of cells. The names may be used in formulasHDÇor in other commands. The name command is also useful for inspectingD-Çthe existing definitions. The parameters are:-Ç>Ç1.  Name to be defined. Names must start with a letter and may>;äcontain letters, digits, periods, and underline characters.;CäTo review names already defined, use directional keys (right arrow:C&änext name, left arrow: previous name).&ÇDÇ2.  Definition of the cell(s) that the name is to refer to. AbsoluteDCäreferences may be entered by use of direction keys. Groups of cellsCCäare formed using a colon (:) for "ranges" or by using comma (,) forC	ä"unions".	■ÇOPTIONSÇAÇThis command lets you turn on or off various optional features ofA
ÇMultiplan.
Ç>Ç"recalc" option: controls how often formula recalculations are>Aäperformed. "Yes" causes recalculation whenever a cell is changed.A7äThis may take some time on a busy sheet. To get quicker79äresponse turn the option off and press the Recalc key (!)9*äwhen you desire to see up-to-date results.*Ç*Ç"mute" option: silences the audible alarm.*Ç@Ç"iteration" option: when "Yes" is selected, the recalculation of@:äworksheets with circular references will be repeated until:Aäa completion test (see below) is satisfied. The following specialA.äfunctions may be used in iterative worksheets:.?äDELTA(): returns the maximum change in the values of cells from?:äone iteration to another. By referring to DELTA() from the:;äworksheet more than once the maximum change in a particular;+äportion of the worksheet may be calculated.+;äITERCNT(): returns #N/A during normal recalculation and the;3äiteration count (starting with 1) during iteration.3Ç@Ç"completion test at" option: specifies the location of a formula@9äfor completion test. Iteration will end when this formula9<äevaluates to TRUE. If the option field is empty, the formula<äDELTA()<0.001 will be used.■ÇPRINTÇJÇUsed for printing of worksheets. The menu command Printer starts printing.JEÇFile prints printable output on a disk file;  Margins sets margins toELÇbe used; and Options defines the part of the worksheet to be printed, allowsLHÇinsertion of a control line at the top of the output, or prints formulasHÇinstead of their values.ÇDÇTime required to print depends on size of the sheet and the speed ofDÇthe printer.ÇIÇAs many columns are printed across the page as will fit. Leftover columnsIBÇbegin a new page. When all rows have been printed, the next set ofB!Çcolumns will begin on a new page.!Ç
ÇPRINT Printer
ÇÇStarts printing on the printer.Ç
ÇPRINT FILE
Ç;ÇDirects printed output to a disk file instead of a printer.;CÇIf a file of the same name exists, Multiplan will ask permission toC6Çreplace it. Output to the file will start immediately.6ÇGÇThe parameter is the name of the file to which output is to be printed.GÇ
ÇPRINT MARGINS
ÇDÇUsed to set page dimensions for printed output. After the RETURN keyDLÇis pressed, Multiplan will resume the Print command for the selection of theL3ÇPrinter or the File to be used. The parameters are:3Ç%Ç1.  Left margin (in print positions.)% Ç2.  Top margin (in print lines.) =Ç3.  Width of printable area on the page (in print positions.)=:Ç4.  Height of printable area on the page (in print lines.):%Ç5.  Height of pages (in print lines.)%■
ÇPRINT OPTIONS
ÇEÇThe options allow part of a worksheet to be printed, the insertion ofEHÇa control line at the top of output, and printing of formulas instead ofHGÇtheir values. After RETURN, Multiplan will resume the Print command forGAÇthe selection of the Printer or File to be used. The options are:AÇ?Ç1.  Description of the rectangular group of cells that is to be?!äprinted (if not the whole sheet.)!CÇ2.  Arbitrary text may be sent to the printer using this parameter.CFÇ3.  A printout of the formulas (instead of the values of the formulas)F=äcan be obtained by selecting "Yes" for the "formulas" option.=JÇ4.  The printing of row and column numbers may be requested or suppressed.J■ÇQUITÇEÇEnds Multiplan session when confirmed. This command will not save theEDÇactive sheet. Use Transfer Save to save worksheet before using Quit.D■ÇSORTÇGÇYou can sort any part of the worksheet using this command. The sort keyGKÇmay be any designated column. Rows of the worksheet will be exchanged untilKEÇthe values in the Key column are in the selected order. Both text andEBÇnumeric values are allowed. Text values will be ordered before anyB5Çnumerical values. Empty cells are always sorted last.5ÇDÇTo create multi-level sorts, sort on the last key first, and proceedD7Çbackward sorting on the other keys. The parameters are:7ÇÇ1.  The key column number.JÇ2.3.These parameters can restrict the sort to a range of consecutive rows.JAÇ4.  Sort order. ">" means ascending, "<" means descending values.A■ÇTRANSFERÇAÇThe subcommands of TRANSFER affect the entire active worksheet orAÇsaved worksheets.Ç
ÇTRANSFER LOAD
ÇFÇLoads a worksheet from a disk file. The parameter is the "filename" ofFBÇthe file. Spell and punctuate the filename exactly as it was savedBÇwith Transfer Save.ÇJÇThe direction keys may be used to display the file directory on the screenJ#Çand then select a file by pointing.#ÇJÇData may be automatically copied to the loaded sheet from other supportingJ.Çsheets. See XTERNAL COPY for more information..Ç9ÇUse TRANSFER OPTIONS to specify special file formats. All9FÇspecial format files will be merged into the active sheet, rather thanFÇloaded as a whole.ÇFÇThe filename must conform to the general rules of the Operating SystemFAÇof the machine you use. Only worksheets saved in Multiplan may beAÇloaded by TRANSFER LOAD.ÇGÇTo create new worksheets, there must be space available on the disk andG%Çthe disk must not be write-protected.%Ç
ÇTRANSFER SAVE
ÇLÇSaves a copy of the current worksheet as a disk file from which it can laterLÇbe loaded with Transfer Load.ÇDÇThe parameter is the "filename". If the filename already exists, theDHÇmessage, "Overwrite existing file?" will ask for confirmation to replaceH!Çthat file with the new worksheet.!Ç=ÇSee TRANSFER OPTIONS for information on special file formats.=ÇÇTRANSFER CLEARÇ?ÇAfter confirmation, the sheet is cleared. Columns are set to 10?2Çcharacters wide, default format is set to General.2ÇBÇSheet name is set to TEMP, with no depending or supporting sheets.BÇÇTRANSFER DELETEÇ#ÇRemoves worksheet from file system.#ÇÇTRANSFER OPTIONSÇ:ÇModifies the context of the following TRANSFER operations::ÇEÇThe setup argument may be used to specify the directory or disk driveEÇfor saving and loading files.ÇBÇThe file "mode" may be used to set the desired file format for theBDÇfollowing Loads and Stores. This is important for data exchange withDCÇother programs. "Normal mode" should be selected for all files thatCAÇare not used for interchange. "Symbolic" mode is used for loadingAEÇand saving of worksheets in the symbolic SYLK format. In "Other" modeE2ÇVisiCalc (TM VisiCorp) format files may be loaded.2ÇCÇGreat care should be taken to distinguish files that have differentCÇformats!ÇÇTRANSFER RENAMEÇLÇRenames active sheet. Offers to update references to the sheet on supportingL<Çand depending sheets. The parameter is the desired new name.<■ÇVALUEÇ?ÇCan be used to enter a value or formula in the active cell. The?AÇcommand is completed when RETURN is pressed. A directional key orAAÇany other key that moves the cursor will also terminate the valueA<Çand move to the appropriate new cell. Multiplan will respond<?Çwith ALPHA/VALUE, ready to accept another alpha or value entry.?2ÇThis feature is described under the Alpha command.2Ç1ÇThe following simplifications are also available:1ÇCÇNumbers may be entered directly. The Value command is entered auto-C*Çmatically when the leading digit is typed.*ÇCÇThe characters =, +, -, (, and " will also start the Value command.CÇAÇAt the beginning of the formula and after entering an operator, aAEÇrelative reference can be entered just by pressing the direction keysEAÇto move the highlight to the cell to be referenced. The referenceA=Çmay be changed to Absolute by pressing the Reference (@) key.=■ÇWINDOWÇNÇThis command is used to control size, number, color, and display of "windows",N%Çwhich are subdivisions of the screen.%ÇÇWINDOW SPLIT HORIZONTALÇDÇSplits active window across the screen at the row indicated. The newD?Çwindow will occupy the space below the row selected, and may be?AÇlinked with the original window for synchronized scrolling in theAÇhorizontal direction.ÇÇWINDOW SPLIT VERTICALÇGÇSplits active window vertically at the column specified. The new windowG=Çmay be linked with original window for synchronized scrolling=Çin the vertical direction.ÇÇWINDOW SPLIT TITLESÇ?ÇSplits active window into 2 or 4 windows which scroll together.?CÇThis command is used to hold column titles or row headings in placeC)Çwhile cells are scrolled. Parameters are:)ÇCÇ1.  Number of rows to become a window across the top of the screen.CCÇ2.  Number of columns to become a window at the left of the screen.CÇIÇThe remaining display space becomes the active window which is linked forIGÇhorizontal movement with the window above it, and for vertical movementGÇwith the window to its left.ÇBÇNote that the acceptance of the proposed parameters will split theBCÇtitles so that the current cell will be at the upper left corner ofC#Çthe data area in the active window.#■
ÇWINDOW BORDER
Ç3ÇUsed to border or to remove a border from a window.3ÇHÇNote that borders occupy one screen position on each side of the window,HFÇthus reducing the display area by 2 screen lines and 2 screen columns.FÇÇWINDOW CLOSEÇ;ÇThis command removes the designated window from the screen.;ÇÇWINDOW LINKÇCÇThis command can set or break the links for synchronized scrolling.CÇParameters are:Ç@Ç1.2.These parameters define a pair of windows. In most cases the@<äproposed values are acceptable. Note that linking of windows<*äthat are not "neighbors" is not permitted.*EÇ3.  The parameter shows the current state of linking, and may be usedE;äto change the linking. The direction of linking follows the;ädirection of window splits.Ç■ÇXTERNALÇCÇThis group of commands deals with references to inactive (external)CÇworksheets.ÇÇXTERNAL COPYÇCÇCopies data from an external sheet to the active sheet. Optionally,CDÇa permanent link may be established between the active sheet and theDBÇsource of the data. The Name command may be used immediately afterB@Çthe copy to create a name for the target area that is related to@AÇthe name of the source ("filename.areaname".) The parameters are:AÇGÇ1.  External sheet name. The direction keys may be used to step throughGänames of the supporting sheets.CÇ2.  Name of the source area to be copied on the external sheet. TheCFädirection keys will step through the permanently copied names from theF%äsheet defined by the first parameter.%EÇ3.  Target area on the active sheet. A permanent link (see below) mayE1äbe broken by deleting the target area definition.1CÇ4.  Link option. If "No" link is selected, the copy will be carriedCEäout and the command will terminate. If "Yes" is selected, a permanentE'älink is established as described below.'ÇEÇLinked copies have a number of special properties: a permanent recordEEÇof the copy parameters will be kept with the active sheet. Every timeEBÇthe sheet is loaded, the copying will be repeated so that the mostBGÇup-to-date information on the source sheets - the "supporting" sheets -GIÇcan be imported to the active sheet. Whenever sheet relationships change,IJÇthe supporting sheets may be updated with a "receipt" showing which sheetsJEÇ"depend" on them. These lists may be inspected using the XTERNAL LISTEÇcommand described below.ÇFÇThe imported data will be locked on the sheets. When a cell containingF8Çimported data is highlighted, the status line will show:8Ç%Ç[source sheet name  source area name]%ÇCÇLinking may be changed or broken only by redefining the target areaCCÇor deleting the target area definition in the XTERNAL COPY command.CÇÇXTERNAL LISTÇGÇThe relationships between the active worksheet and other worksheets areG
Çdisplayed:
ÇHÇ"Sheets supporting" shows sheet names and possibly a substitute name forH;Çworksheets which support (export data to) the active sheet;;ÇGÇ"Sheets depending on" lists filenames of sheets which depend on (importG Çdata from) the active worksheet. Ç;ÇPress any key to return to the display of the active sheet.;ÇÇXTERNAL USEÇMÇSets a substitute name for a supporting sheet using the following parameters:MÇDÇ1.  New sheet name to be used. This name should not be used in otherDäsubstitutions.CÇ2.  Sheet name currently in use in existing links. All copies usingCAäthis name - whether a real sheet name or just a formal or "dummy"A4äname - will henceforth refer to the first parameter.4	ÇKEYBOARD 	ÇKÇAction:             Key to use:                 AT&T PC7300 key (alternate)KÇ9Çup arrow            CTRL-E, up arrow            up arrow 9;Çdown arrow          CTRL-X, down arrow          down arrow ;;Çleft arrow          CTRL-S, left arrow          left arrow ;<Çright arrow         CTRL-D, right arrow         right arrow <3Çcancel              CTRL-C                      CMD37Çreturn,enter        RETURN                      return 7:Çbackspace           BACKSPACE                   backspace :6Çdelete              CTRL-Y, DELETE              Dlete 64Çtab                 CTRL-A, TAB                 tab 42Çcharacter left      CTRL-K                      F522Çcharacter right     CTRL-L                      F623Çword left           CTRL-O                      F7 33Çword right          CTRL-P                      F8 35Çreference           @                           @, F357Çhelp                ?                           ?, HELP76Çnext window         CTRL-W, ;                   ;, F1 63Çnext unlocked cell  CTRL-F                      F2 36Çrecalculate         !                           !, F4 65Çhome                CTRL-Q                      Home 54Çend                 CTRL-Z                      End 48Çpage up             CTRL-R + up arrow           Page Up 89Çpage down           CTRL-R + down arrow         Page Down9AÇpage left           CTRL-R + left arrow         Shift-left arrow AAÇpage right          CTRL-R + right arrow        Shift-right arrowA:Çnext menu item      space                       F6, space :>Çprev. menu item     backspace                   F5, backspace >Ç■ÇMiscellaneous:Ç3ÇUnix Escape                                     Ref35ÇScreen Redraw                                   Rfrsh5Ç"ÇFor compatibility with User Agent:"Ç3ÇTo get to command mode                          Cmd3'Ç(Highest Menu - aborts current command)'4ÇTo Save Changes                                 Save44ÇTo Exit                                         Exit45ÇTo Print                                        Print5 