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100 REM HARDY -- PROGRAM ON THE HARDY-WEINBERG GENETICS PRINCIPLE 110 REM COPYRIGHT 1973 - STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK 120 REM P=FREQUENCY OF T ALLELE (DOMINANT), 130 REM Q=FREQUENCY OF T1 ALLELE (RECESSIVE) 140 REM S1=SAMPLE SIZE, R1=NUMBER RECESSIVE 150 REM DEVELOPED BY K. MOY, R. COOPERMAN, AND A. FRISHMAN 160 REM PROGRAMMED BY C. LOSIK, JANUARY 1972 170 REM LATEST REVISION: 11-28-73 180 REM LET Q=RND(1) 190 RANDOMIZE 200 PRINT "POPULATION GENETICS STUDY - THE HARDY-WEINBERG PRINCIPLE" 205 LETN=6 210 PRINT 220 PRINT "DO YOU WISH INSTRUCTIONS (1=YES, 0=NO)"; 230 INPUT B 240 IF B=0 THEN 390 250 IF B<>1 THEN 210 255 GOSUB 2010 260 PRINT 270 PRINT" THE HARDY-WEINBERG PRINCIPLE PROVIDES A SIMPLE WAY" 280 PRINT"TO CALCULATE THE PROPORTION OF ORGANISMS IN A POPULATION" 290 PRINT"THAT ARE HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT, HETEROZYGOUS DOMINANT, OR" 300 PRINT"HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE WITH REGARD TO A SPECIFIC TRAIT. ALL" 310 PRINT"WE NEED TO DETERMINE THESE PROPORTIONS ARE THE PROPORTION OF" 320 PRINT"ALLELES IN THE GENE POOL WHICH ARE DOMINANT FOR THIS TRAIT" 330 PRINT"(P) AND THE PROPORTION WHICH ARE RECESSIVE (Q)." 340 PRINT 350 PRINT"WE WILL GIVE YOU A POPULATION OF RATS TO WORK WITH. SOME" 360 PRINT"HAVE SHORT HAIR, SOME HAVE LONG HAIR. SHORT HAIR IS" 370 PRINT"DOMINANT, LONG HAIR RECESSIVE. THERE ARE 1000 SPECIMENS." 380 GO TO 510 390 PRINT"DO YOU WISH TO COMPILE YOUR OWN INFORMATION ON A SPECIFIC" 400 PRINT"TRAIT (1=YES, 0=NO)"; 410 INPUT C 420 IF C=1 THEN 740 430 IF C<>0 THEN 390 440 PRINT "DO YOU WANT: 1=THE ORIGINAL RAT POPULATION, OR" 450 PRINT "2=A NEW RAT POPULATION"; 460 INPUT N 470 IF N=1 THEN 510 480 IF N<>2 THEN 440 490 LET N=RND(1) 500 GO TO 520 510 LET N=.19 520 PRINT "HOW MANY RATS DO YOU WANT TO SAMPLE"; 530 INPUT S1 540 IF S1<>INT(S1) THEN 520 550 IF ABS(S1-501)>500 THEN 520 560 PRINT 570 IF S1>25 THEN 600 580 PRINT "RAT PHENOTYPE" 590 PRINT "--- ---------" 600 LET R1=0 610 FOR I=1 TO S1 620 LET Q=RND(I) 630 IF Q<N THEN 670 640 IF S1>25 THEN 700 650 PRINT I;" SHORT HAIR" 660 GO TO 700 670 LET R1=R1+1 680 IF S1>25 THEN 700 690 PRINT I;" LONG HAIR" 700 NEXT I 710 PRINT "TOTAL NUMBER RECESSIVE =";R1 720 PRINT "TOTAL NUMBER DOMINANT =";S1-R1 730 GO TO 840 740 PRINT 750 PRINT "NUMBER OF ORGANISMS EXAMINED"; 760 INPUT S1 770 IF S1<1 THEN 750 780 IF S1<>INT(S1) THEN 750 790 PRINT "NUMBER OF ORGANISMS SHOWING RECESSIVE TRAIT"; 800 INPUT R1 810 IF R1<>INT(R1) THEN 790 820 IF R1<1 THEN 790 830 IF R1>S1 THEN 750 840 PRINT 850 PRINT"WHAT PROPORTION OF THOSE EXAMINED SHOWED THE RECESSIVE TRAIT" 852 PRINT"THIS IS Q*Q"; 880 INPUT N 890 IF ABS(N-.5)<=.5 THEN900 891 PRINT"PLEASE INPUT THE PROPOPORTION IN THE FORM OF A" 892 PRINT"DECIMAL NUMBER BETWEEN 0.00 AND 1.00" 894 GOTO850 900 IF ABS(N-R1/S1)<.01 THEN 930 910 PRINT "PLEASE CHECK YOUR CALCULATIONS." 920 GO TO 850 930 LET Q=SQR(R1/S1) 940 LET P=1-Q 950 PRINT 960 PRINT 970 IF B=1 THEN 1270 971 PRINT 975 PRINT"------------------------------------------------------------" 976 PRINT 980 PRINT "TO DETERMINE THE VALUE OF P AND Q AND THE GENOTYPIC" 990 PRINT "RATIOS, RECALL THAT:" 1000 PRINT 1010 PRINT "1. P + Q = 1 SINCE THE PROPORTION OF ALLELES IN THE GENE" 1020 PRINT " POOL WHICH ARE DOMINANT FOR A TRAIT PLUS THE" 1030 PRINT " PROPORTION WHICH ARE RECESSIVE REPRESENT ALL ALLELES" 1040 PRINT " IN THE GENE POOL," 1050 PRINT 1060 PRINT "2. P*P REPRESENTS THE PROPORTION OF THE POPULATION THAT" 1070 PRINT " ARE HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT," 1080 PRINT 1090 PRINT "3. 2*P*Q REPRESENTS THE PROPORTION THAT ARE HETEROZYGOUS" 1100 PRINT " DOMINANT," 1110 PRINT 1120 PRINT "4. Q*Q REPRESENTS THE PROPORTION OF THE POPULATION THAT" 1130 PRINT " SHOW THE RECESSIVE TRAIT, I.E. THAT ARE HOMOZYGOUS" 1140 PRINT " RECESSIVE," 1180 PRINT 1190 PRINT "5. P*P + 2*P*Q + Q*Q = 1 SINCE THE PROPORTION OF THE" 1200 PRINT " POPULATION THAT ARE HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT, PLUS THE" 1210 PRINT " PROPORTION THAT ARE HETEROZYGOUS, PLUS THE" 1220 PRINT " PROPORTION THAT ARE HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE REPRESENT" 1230 PRINT " THE TOTAL POPULATION." 1240 PRINT 1241 PRINT"-----------------------------------------------------------" 1250 PRINT 1260 PRINT "IN THE ABOVE EXAMPLE, "; 1270 PRINT "Q =";Q 1280 PRINT 1290 PRINT "GENOTYPE"," ","PROPORTION","NUMBER" 1300 PRINT "--------"," ","----------","------" 1310 PRINT "HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT",INT(100*P*P+.5)/100, 1313 LETZ9=INT(P*P*S1+.5) 1314 GOSUB 1400 1320 PRINT "HETEROZYGOUS DOMINANT",INT(200*P*Q+.5)/100, 1323 LETZ9=INT(2*P*Q*S1+.5) 1324 GOSUB 1400 1330 PRINT "HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE",INT(100*Q*Q+.5)/100, 1333 LETZ9=INT(Q*Q*S1+.5) 1334 GOSUB 1400 1340 PRINT 1350 PRINT 1360 PRINT "DO YOU WISH TO REPEAT THIS PROGRAM (1=YES, 0=NO)"; 1370 INPUT B 1380 IF B=1 THEN 390 1390 IF B<>0 THEN 1360 1399 STOP 1400 IFZ9=0 THEN 1415 1405 PRINTTAB(44-INT(LOG(Z9+.005)/LOG(10)));Z9 1410 RETURN 1415 PRINTTAB(44);0 1420 RETURN 2000 STOP 2010 PRINT "THE OUTPUT THAT YOU HAVE REQUESTED IS LONGER THAN THE SCREEN" 2020 PRINT "CAN HANDLE. BE SURE THAT THE AUTO-PRINT IS TURNED ON BEFORE" 2030 PRINT "CONTINUING. TO CONTINUE, TYPE <CR>."; 2040 INPUT Q9 2050 RETURN 2060 END