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^P0 ^""
^U
^M1,70
^C FORM
^2
^C GENERALIZED FORMATTING PROGRAM
^2
^C CLYDE G. ROBY, JR.
^C SMALL COMPUTER GROUP
^C WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY
^C MEDICAL CENTER
^C MORGANTOWN, WEST VIRGINIA
^15^C Current Version FORM V6
^P
^L
^WABSTRACT
^-^WFORM IS A TEXT EDITING PACKAGE USED FOR DOCUMENTING PROGRAMS, LETTERS, THESES, OR OTHER SIMILIAR DOCUMENTS.
INPUT TO ^WFORM CAN BE FROM UPPER AND/OR LOWER CASE KEYBOARDS
WHILE OUTPUT IS ENTIRELY UPPER CASE EXCEPT TO THOSE OUTPUT DEVICES WHICH SUPPORT THE LOWER CASE CHARACTER SET.
NOT ONLY CAN ^WFORM OPTIONALLY JUSTIFY MARGINS, BUT MARGINS MAY BE VARIABLE, PARAGRAPHS MAY BE ENTERED,
TABLES PROPERLY PLACED ON A PAGE, ETC.
THIS DOCUMENTATION IS SAMPLE OUTPUT OF ^WFORM.
^U This release of FORM differs from earlier releases by the addition of a switch to inhibit all lower case output, a new
command to define the size of the document and the addition of relative numeric arguments for several commands.
This program itself represents an interim release and will be replaced by RUNOF8 at the end of 1973.
The new program RUNOF8 will be fully compatible with the PDP10 RUNOFF and a translator will be provided to convert from FORM input files to RUNOF8 input files.
^L^2
^[REQUIREMENTS^[
^-^WFORM CAN BE MODIFIED TO RUN ON ANY ^WPDP-8 FAMILY OF COMPUTER WITH 8K OF MEMORY AND A TELETYPE.
DELETION OF CERTAIN COMMANDS AND BUFFERING ROUTINES IN THE SOURCE WILL ENABLE ^WFORM TO RUN ON A 4K MACHINE.
HOWEVER, THIS MANUAL DOCUMENTS ^WFORM AS IT WORKS UNDER THE ^WOS/8 ^KPROGRAMMING ^KSYSTEM.
^-INPUT TO ^WFORM IS ENTERED THROUGH ANY OF THE EDITORS AVAILABLE UNDER ^WOS/8:
^[EDIT, TECO, SCOPE, SCROLL,^[ ETC.
FOR INFORMATION CONCERNING THESE EDITORS, CONSULT THE APPROPRIATE WRITE-UP.
^P
^[USAGE^[
^-SINCE ^WFORM IS DESIGNED TO RUN UNDER ^WOS/8, THE FOLLOWING MUST BE TYPED IN RESPONSE TO THE DOT TYPED OUT BY THE ^WOS/8 ^KKEYBOARD ^KMONITOR:
^1^T10,0
^[ .R FORM^[
*
^E^1
^KAT THIS POINT, YOU MAY NOW TYPE IN AN OUTPUT FILE, ONE TO NINE INPUT FILES, AND CERTAIN OPTION SWITCHES.
IF NO OUTPUT FILE IS SPECIFIED,
^WFORM ASSUMES DEVICE "^[TTY^[" (A LINE PRINTER MAY BE ASSIGNED TO ^[TTY^[ IF ONE IS PRESENT AT THE INSTALLATION).
THERE IS NO DEFAULT OUTPUT EXTENSION.
THE ASSUMED EXTENSION ON INPUT FILES IS ".^[DC^[" IF NONE IS GIVEN.
^WFORM CURRENTLY RECOGNIZES THE FOLLOWING SWITCHES:
^1^T10,30,0
^WOPTION ^WEFFECT
^E^1^M+15,
^R-10 =
^KMULTIPLE COPIES ARE TO BE PRINTED OUT (ENTER OCTAL NUMBER AFTER =N OPTION).
^R-10 ^W/E
LIST EVEN PAGES ONLY.
^R-10 ^W/M
OUTPUT IS TO BE ON ^KMULTILITH MASTERS ON TELETYPE.
^R-10 ^W/O
LIST ODD PAGES ONLY.
^R-10 ^W/P
SPECIFY THE PAGE TO START LISTING.
^R-10 ^W/U
Output upper case characters only.
^M-15,
^-THE "=" OPTION IS USED FOR MULTIPLE COPIES OF THE OUTPUT FILE.
THIS SHOULD ONLY BE USED IF OUTPUT IS A LINE PRINTER, TELETYPE, OR HIGH SPEED PUNCH.
ANY OF THE OTHER OPTIONS MAY BE GIVEN.
^-^W/E AND ^W/O (^W/O HAS PRECEDENCE IF BOTH ARE GIVEN) INDICATE TO LIST EITHER THE EVEN OR THE ODD PAGES OF THE FILE ONLY.
IF THE OUTPUT DEVICE IS A LINE PRINTER, THESE FEATURES MAY ALLOW A DOCUMENTATION FILE TO BE LISTED IN "BOOK" FORMAT BY TURNING THE PAPER OVER.
^-WHEN THE ^W/P OPTION IS GIVEN, A STARTING PAGE NUMBER TO BEGIN THE LISTING IS REQUESTED.
RESPONDING WITH A CARRIAGE RETURN, ZERO, OR ONE STARTS THE OUTPUT AT THE BEGINNING.
ANY OTHER RESPONSE WILL START THE OUTPUT AT THE SPECIFIED PAGE NUMBER.
THIS OPTION IS USEFUL FOR LISTING CORRECTED OR UPDATED DOCUMENATION FILES ON SLOW OUTPUT DEVICES.
^-^WFORM ALSO ALLOWS ^KMULTILITH MASTERS AS OUTPUT;
THE ^W/M OPTION MUST BE GIVEN TO DO SO.
THIS CAUSES ^WFORM TO STOP EACH TIME IT ENCOUNTERS A PAGE BREAK AND WAITS UNTIL ANOTHER ^KMULTILITH MASTER IS LOADED ON THE TELETYPE (OR ^[DEC^[WRITER).
WHEN THE LOADING IS COMPLETE, ^WCTRL/P MUST BE TYPED TO CONTINUE THE PROGRAM.
^U^-The U switch is useful if the output device at the particular installation behaves strangely with lower case characters. (i.e. uses them for control characters.)
Only upper case characters will be output even if lower case codes actually appear in the input file.
^L
^P
^[FORM COMMANDS^[
^-THERE ARE BASICALLY TWO TYPES OF COMMANDS TO ^WFORM: CAPITALIZATION AND FORMATTING COMMANDS.
BOTH TYPES OF COMMANDS ARE PRECEDED BY THE CHARACTER "^^".
CAPITALIZATION COMMANDS ARE IMPORTANT IF THE OUTPUT DEVICE HAS CAPABILITIES FOR BOTH UPPER AND LOWER CASE CHARACTERS.
FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU HAVE A LINE PRINTER OR ^[DEC^[WRITER WHICH PRINTS BOTH UPPER AND LOWER CASE CHARACTERS,
THEN THE OUTPUT FROM ^WFORM SHOULD BE VERY ESTHETICALLY PLEASING.
HOWEVER, IF YOU HAVE A TELETYPE WHICH HAS ONLY THE UPPER CASE CHARACTER SET,
THE CAPITALIZATION COMMANDS MAY BE OPTIONALLY OMITTED.
FORMATTING COMMANDS, ON THE OTHER HAND,
TELL ^WFORM HOW YOU WANT IT TO PLACE LINES, TABLES, PARAGRAPHS, ETC. ON THE PRINTED PAGE.
THESE ARE THE REAL WORKING COMMANDS OF ^WFORM.
^-THE CAPITALIZATION COMMANDS ARE ^^^KL, ^^^KU, ^^^KK, ^^^KW, ^^^K[, ^^!, ^^^K], AND ^^^KN, WITH THE SPECIAL COMMANDS ^^% ^^(SPACE) AND ^^^^.
BRIEFLY, ^^^KL SETS LOWER CASE; ^^^KU SETS UPPER CASE (CAPITAL LETTERS);
^^^KK CAPITALIZES THE NEXT CHARACTER;
^^^KW CAPITALIZES THE NEXT WORD;
^^^K[ CAPITALIZES ALL FOLLOWING CHARACTERS UNTIL ANOTHER ^^^K[ DISABLES IT;
^^! DOES THE SAME THING WITH THE ADDITION OF A SINGLE QUOTE (') PRECEDING AND FOLLOWING THE CAPITALIZED CHARACTERS;
^^^K] CAPITALIZES THE FIRST CHARACTER OF ALL FOLLOWING WORDS UNTIL ANOTHER ^^^K] DISABLES IT
AND ^^^KN INHIBITS CAPITALIZATION OF THE FOLLOWING CHARACTER.
^-BESIDES THESE SPECIAL CAPITALIZATION COMMANDS,
THERE ARE ALSO CERTAIN AUTOMATIC CAPITALIZATION CAPABILITIES IN ^WFORM.
WHENEVER A NEW PARAGRAPH IS STARTED WITH THE COMMAND ^^-, THE FIRST CHARACTER OF THE FIRST WORD OF THE SENTENCE IS CAPITALIZED.
ALSO, WHEN ^WFORM ENCOUNTERS A PERIOD (.), QUESTION MARK (?), OR EXCLAMATION MARK(!) FOLLOWED BY A CARRIAGE RETURN OR TWO SPACES ON INPUT, THEN THAT CHARACTER IS SENT TO THE OUTPUT FILE FOLLOWED BY TWO SPACES.
MOREOVER, THE NEXT CHARACTER IS CAPITALIZED, SINCE ^WFORM ASSUMES IT IS THE FIRST CHARACTER OF A NEW SENTENCE.
^-THE FORMATTING COMMANDS ARE ^^-, ^^^KS, ^^^KP, ^^^KC, ^^/, ^^", ^^^KM,
^^^KT, ^^^KE, ^^^KR, ^^^KF, ^^^KJ, ^^^KH AND ^^^KD.
BRIEFLY, ^^- INDICATES TO INDENT FOR THE BEGINNING OF A NEW PARAGRAPH;
^^^KS SETS SINGLE-, DOUBLE-, OR TRIPLE-SPACING;
^^^KP INDICATES TO START ON A NEW PAGE WITH OPTIONAL RE-NUMBERING;
^^^KC INDICATES TO CENTER THE LINE USING THE CURRENT MARGINS;
^^/ INDICATES TO SKIP TO A CERTAIN COLUMN; ^^" DEFINES A TITLE FOR THE TOP OF THE PAGE;
^^^KM RESETS THE LEFT AND/OR THE RIGHT MARGINS;
^^^KT INDICATES "TYPEWRITER" MODE AND ALLOWS INPUT OF TAB STOPS RELATIVE TO THE CURRENT MARGINS;
^^^KE ENDS "TYPEWRITER" MODE;
^^^KR RELEASES THE MARGIN STOPS; ^^^KF IS A CONDITIONAL TESTING WHETHER A GROUP OF LINES CAN FIT ON THE CURRENT PAGE OR NOT;
^^^KJ INDICATES TO JUSTIFY BOTH THE LEFT AND RIGHT MARGINS;
^^^KH INDICATES TO JUSTIFY THE LEFT MARGINS ONLY;
and ^^^KD is used to define the document formatting parameters for other than standard 66 line 8.5 by 11 inch pages and standard spacings between head and body and body and foot.
Commands that accept numeric arguments in general use the syntax that an unsigned number is an absolute value
and a signed number is a relative value which uses one of ^WFORM's internal variables as a reference.
^F5
^-THERE ARE CERTAIN SPECIAL CHARACTERS AND COMMANDS WHICH ^WFORM RECOGNIZES:
^^%, ^^^^, ^^(SPACE), SPACE, TAB, AND CARRIAGE RETURN.
^^^^ ENCOUNTERED IN THE INPUT FILE INDICATES TO SEND A SINGLE "^^" TO THE OUTPUT FILE.
^^(SPACE) INDICATES THAT THE SPACE FOLLOWING THE UP ARROW IS NOT TO BE CONSIDERED AS BREAKING A WORD (I.E. IT IS NOT TO BE PADDED).
^^%N INDICATES TO SEND THE octal ^WASCII code "N" TO THE OUTPUT FILE.
THE SPACE, TAB, AND CARRIAGE RETURN ALL SIGNIFY THE END OF A "WORD"; THE DEFINITION OF "WORD" BEING ANY GROUP OF CHARACTERS THAT IS ENDED BY A SPACE, TAB, OR CARRIAGE RETURN.
THEY ALSO HAVE OTHER USES.
IN "TYPEWRITER" MODE, ALL SPACES ENCOUNTERED IN THE INPUT FILE ARE SENT TO THE OUTPUT FILE, ALL TABS ENCOUNTERED ARE EXPANDED TO ENOUGH SPACES FOR THE NEXT TAB STOP AND SENT TO THE OUTPUT FILE.
OTHERWISE, THEY ALL ACT AS SPACES AND ANY COMBINATION OF MORE THAN ONE OF THEM INDICATES THAT JUST ONE SPACE IS SENT TO THE OUTPUT FILE.
IF, HOWEVER, A PERIOD (.), QUESTION MARK(?), OR EXCLAMATION MARK(!) ARE FOLLOWED IMMEDIATELY BY A CARRIAGE RETURN, THEN THAT CHARACTER IS SENT TO THE OUTPUT FILE FOLLOWED BY TWO SPACES.
^-THAT SUMMARIZES THE COMMANDS AVAILABLE IN ^WFORM.
WHAT FOLLOWS IS A MORE DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EACH OF THESE COMMANDS WITH EXAMPLES TO SHOW HOW THEY WORK.
THE FORMATTING COMMANDS WILL BE EXPLAINED FIRST.
^P
^[FORMATTING COMMANDS^[
^-THERE ARE TWO MODES OF FORMATTING AVAILABLE IN ^WFORM: FREE FORMAT AND "TYPEWRITER" MODE.
FREE FORMAT DESCRIBES THE WAY THE INPUT IS SENT TO ^WFORM.
ANY SENTENCE CAN BY TYPED INTO THE SOURCE MANUSCRIPT AS ONE COMPLETE SENTENCE OR AS FRAGMENTS, AS LONG AS THERE IS A CARRIAGE RETURN FOLLOWING THE ENDING PERIOD, QUESTION MARK, OR EXCLAMATION MARK.
AS AN EXAMPLE OF FREE FORMAT, THE FOLLOWING THREE INPUT SAMPLES ALL PRODUCE THE NEXT PARAGRAPH.
^T9+8+8+8+8,0
^^-^KEASY AS APPLE PIE, WASN'T IT?
^KNOW YOU CAN SEE HOW EASY IT IS TO FORMAT
A LARGE DOCUMENT AS THIS ^WFORM MANUAL.
^^-^KEASY AS APPLE PIE,
WASN'T IT?
^KNOW YOU CAN SEE HOW EASY
IT IS TO FORMAT A LARGE
DOCUMENT AS THIS ^WFORM MANUAL.
^^-^KEASY AS
APPLE PIE, WASN'T
IT?
^KNOW YOU CAN SEE
HOW EASY IT IS TO
FORMAT A LARGE
DOCUMENT AS THIS
^WFORM MANUAL.
^E^-EASY AS APPLE PIE, WASN'T IT?
NOW YOU CAN SEE HOW EASY IT IS TO FORMAT A LARGE DOCUMENT AS THIS ^WFORM MANUAL.
^-"^KTYPEWRITER" MODE INDICATES THAT THE INPUT LINE IS EQUIVALENT TO THE OUTPUT LINE EXCEPT THAT TABS ARE CONVERTED TO ENOUGH SPACES TO GO TO THE NEXT TAB STOP.
THIS MODE IS USEFUL FOR FORMATTING CHARTS, TABLES, ETC. WHICH WOULD BE VERY DIFFICULT IN FREE FORMAT.
^-ALL OF THE FORMATTING COMMANDS WORK IDENTICALLY IN BOTH FORMATTING MODES, except that the padding procedure may produce unexpected results in some cases.
^2
^[INDENTING FOR PARAGRAPHS^[
^-THE COMMAND ^^- IS USED TO TELL ^WFORM THAT A NEW PARAGRAPH IS TO BE STARTED.
^WFORM LEAVES A SINGLE BLANK LINE BETWEEN PARAGRAPHS AND INDENTS FIVE (5) SPACES RELATIVE TO THE CURRENT MARGINS OF THE PAGE.
INITIALLY, THE MARGINS OF THE PAGE ARE 1 AND 79.
BUT IF YOU HAVE NOTICED IN THE ^WABSTRACT OF THIS MANUAL,
THAT PARAGRAPH INDENTATION WORKS PROPERLY FOR MARGINS OF 15 AND 55.
FOR EXAMPLE, THIS PARAGRAPH WAS TYPED INTO A SOURCE MANUSCRIPT AS (JUST THE FIRST LINE):
^1^T
^^-^KTHE COMMAND ^^^^- IS USED TO TELL ^WFORM THAT ...
^E^1
^WFORM TAKES CARE OF THE REST.
THAT IS, ^WFORM KNOWS WHERE TO INSERT SPACES AND HOW MANY SPACES TO INSERT SO THAT THE LINE IS JUSTIFIED ON BOTH MARGINS.
^2
^[SINGLE-, DOUBLE-, OR TRIPLE-SPACING^[
^S2
^-FANCY TYPING OR TERM PAPERS MAY BE DONE USING ^WFORM, WHERE DOUBLE SPACING IS REQUIRED.
DOUBLE-SPACING IS ACCOMPLISHED BY JUST TYPING THE COMMAND "^^^KS2" BEFORE STARTING A PARAGRAPH.
TRIPLE SPACING IS ACCOMPLISHED VIA "^^^KS3".
TO REVERT BACK TO SINGLE-SPACING AS FOR THE REST OF THIS DOCUMENTATION, EITHER "^^^KS1" OR SIMPLY "^^^KS" MAY BE ENTERED SINCE ^WFORM ASSUMES THAT NOTHING AFTER THE "^^^KS" MEANS SINGLE SPACE.
NOW WITH THESE TWO COMMANDS, YOU CAN SEE HOW EASILY THIS ^WFORM DOCUMENTATION WAS PREPARED.
^S
^2
^[CENTERING A LINE^[
^-^WFORM ALSO HAS THE CAPABILITY OF CENTERING LINES VIA THE COMMAND "^^^KC".
THIS INDICATES THAT WHATEVER ELSE IS ON THE LINE FOLLOWING THE "^^^KC" IS ADDED TO THE OUTPUT LINE (WHICH IS USUALLY EMPTY)
AND IS THEN CENTERED ON THE CURRENT MARGINS.
SO, THE COMMAND WHICH WAS USED TO CENTER ^!FORM^! ON THE FRONT PAGE WAS:
^1^T
^^^KC ^WFORM
^E^1
^KTO INDICATE WHAT IS MEANT BY "CENTERED ON THE CURRENT MARGINS",
HERE ARE THREE EXAMPLES OF CENTERING THE CHARACTER STRING "^KCURSE YOU, ^KRED ^KBARON!" ON DIFFERENT MARGINS.
^1
^KMARGINS ARE STANDARD.^1^T
^C ^KCURSE YOU, ^KRED ^KBARON!
^E^1
^KMARGINS ARE 30 AND 70.
^M30,70^T
^C ^KCURSE YOU, ^KRED ^KBARON!
^E^1
^M1,70
AND FINALLY, MARGINS ARE 1 AND 30.
^M1,30^T
^C ^KCURSE YOU, ^KRED ^KBARON!
^E^1
^M1,70
^2
^[CHANGING MARGINS^[
^-THE STANDARD MARGINS THAT ^WFORM USES ARE 1 AND 79.
TO CHANGE MARGINS TO ANYTHING OTHER THAN THESE,
SIMPLY USE THE COMMAND "^^^KMAA,BB" WHERE AA IS THE COLUMN THAT YOU WISH THE LEFT MARGIN TO BE SET AND BB IS THE COLUMN THAT YOU WISH THE RIGHT MARGIN TO BE SET.
Alternatively you could use signed arguments for aa and bb to define margins relative to the currently held values.
SO, TO GET THE MARGINS SET TO 30 AND 70, THE COMMAND ENTERED TO ^WFORM SHOULD BE:^T
^^^KM30,70
^E^1
^KTO CHANGE THE MARGINS TO 1 AND 30 AS IN THE THIRD EXAMPLE ABOVE, ONE JUST NEEDS TO ENTER:^T
^^^KM1,30
^E^1
^KHOWEVER, IF ONLY ONE MARGIN SETTING IS ENTERED AFTER THE "^^^KM", THAT NUMBER IS THE RIGHT MARGIN (THE LEFT MARGIN WILL BE ASSUMED TO BE 1).
THUS ANOTHER WAY TO ENTER THE COMMAND TO SET THE MARGINS TO 1 AND 30 WOULD BE:^T
^^^KM30
^E^1
^KTO CHANGE THE MARGINS BACK TO THEIR REGULAR SETTINGS, JUST ENTER "^^^KM1,79" OR "^^^KM79" OR, BETTER YET, "^^^KM".
^WFORM ASSUMES THAT "^^^KM" INDICATES TO CHANGE THE MARGINS TO the document MARGINS as defined in the ^^^KD command.
Finally relative margin settings can be used as in this example:^T
^^^KM+5,-10
^E^1 ^KDefines the new margins to be 5 columns greater than the current left margin and 10 columns less that the current right margin.
^2
^[SKIPPING TO A NEW PAGE^[
^-WHAT HAPPENS AFTER A SECTION, CHAPTER, OR WHAT-HAVE-YOU IS COMPLETED AND A NEW PAGE NEEDS TO BE STARTED?
NATURALLY, WE GET A NEW SHEET OF PAPER.
^WFORM DOES THE SAME THING, BUT IT HAS TO BE TOLD TO DO SO.
THE COMMAND IS "^^^KP".
TO SKIP TO A NEW PAGE, JUST ENTER THE COMMAND:^T
^^^KP
^E^1
^Kif a numeric argument follows the ^KP it becomes the new page number.
If the argument -0 follows ^WFORM stops printing page numbers until another ^^^KP-0 is encountered.
^"^[THIS IS A TITLE^["
^P
^[THE TITLE LINE^[
^-AS YOU NOTICE THE TOP OF THIS PAGE IN THE CENTER CONTAINS A LINE THAT SAYS "^[THIS IS A TITLE^[".
THIS IS ^[FORM^['S TITLE LINE.
BEFORE GIVING THE "^^^KP" COMMAND TO START A NEW PAGE, THE COMMAND TO ENTER A TITLE LINE WAS GIVEN:
^1^T
^^"^[THIS IS A TITLE^["
^E^1
^KTHE COMMAND TO ^WFORM FOR THE TITLE LINE IS ^^" FOLLOWED BY THE TITLE FOLLOWED BY ANOTHER QUOTE.
OR SIMPLY, ^^" FOLLOWED BY THE TITLE FOLLOWED BY A CARRIAGE RETURN.
SO, AN ALTERNATIVE TO ENTERING A TITLE IS:
^1^T
^^"^[THIS IS A TITLE<CR>^[
^E^1
WHERE <^WCR> INDICATES A CARRIAGE RETURN WAS ENTERED IN THE INPUT FILE.
NOTE: CARE MUST BE TAKEN!
ENTER THE TITLE BEFORE GOING TO A NEW PAGE, THAT IS, GIVE THE ^^"^[THIS IS A TITLE^[" COMMAND FOR A NEW TITLE BEFORE GIVING THE "^^^KP" COMMAND.
^-TO GET RID OF THE TITLE LINE, ENTER A NULL TITLE.
FOR EXAMPLE, TO GET RID OF THE ABOVE TITLE LINE SO THAT NO TITLE LINE IS PRINTED AT THE TOP OF A PAGE, JUST ENTER:
^1^T
^^""
^E^1
AS WAS DONE IN THIS DOCUMENTATION AS YOU CAN SEE ON THE NEXT PAGE.
^""
^2^UINSERTING SPECIAL CHARACTERS
^-Some characters cannot be entered with some equipment.
To handle these FORM has the command "^^%n" where "n" is the octal ASCII code of the strange character.
The designation must be terminated by some character that is not part of the octal number set.
The terminating character is ignored.
The character is then passed to the output device by FORM.
In addition the special charactes "^^" and "^ " (space) may be passed unmodified to output by preceding them with an ^^ character.
Similarly the end of a line may be forced by preceding the carriage return with an ^^ character.
^-The following line is composed of some of the special characters available on a 96 character set LP08.
Some of these characters will not pass the standard line printer handler; they will however pass LPTWVU.
^1 ^ ^%373: ^%374: ^%375: ^%376: ^%777:^
^1The input line above read:^T^1
^^^ ^ ^^%373: ^^%374: ^^%375: ^^%376: ^^%777:
^E^-Setting the 400 bit prevented FORM from "seeing" the 377 rubout code, which otherwise would have been ignored.
The output routine masks the code to 8 bits and the LP08 prints the box.
The "^^^ " prevented the ^^%373 from being the first character on the line and getting "capitalized" to "[".
^L
^-FROM THE COMMANDS GIVEN SO FAR, ^WFORM SHOULD BE PRETTY EASY TO USE.
THE FOLLOWING FORMATTING COMMANDS AREN'T QUITE SO SIMPLE.
THE EXAMPLES GIVEN WITH THEM, HOWEVER, SHOULD CLEAR UP ANY DOUBTS OR QUESTIONS WHICH MAY ARISE ABOUT THEM.
^2
^[SKIPPING FORWARD OR BACKWARD TO A COLUMN^[
^-SOMETIMES, IT IS CONVENIENT TO "BACKSPACE" OR TO SKIP FORWARD TO A CERTAIN COLUMN FOR THE PURPOSE OF OVERSTRIKING CHARACTERS,
LEAVING GAPS, ETC.
THE ^WFORM COMMAND "^^/N" WHERE N IS A COLUMN NUMBER ALLOWS THIS.
N may also be signed in which case the number of the column is relative to the current column.
For instance "^^/+5" would mean skip over 5 columns and "^^/-10 would mean skip back 10 columns.
FOR EXAMPLE TO MAKE THE ^KGREEK LETTER "THETA", OVERSTRIKE AN "^KO" WITH A "-"; OR TO MAKE THE "NOT EQUAL" SIGN, OVERSTRIKE "=" WITH "/".
THE FOLLOWING COMMANDS TO ^WFORM REALIZES THIS:^1^T
^^/20 -^^/25 =^^/20 ^KO^^/25 /
^E^1
^KWHEN ^WFORM "EXECUTES" THESE COMMANDS, THE FOLLOWING LINE IS EFFECTED:^1^T
^/20 - ^/25 = ^/20 ^KO ^/25 /
^E^1
^Kalternatively one could use:^1^T
^KO^^/-1- or =^^/-1/
^E^1^KWhich would produce:^1^T
^KO^/-1- or =^/-1/
^E^1
^KTHE FOLLOWING COMMANDS TO ^WFORM SHOW FORWARD SPACING AS WELL AS OVERPRINTING FOR EMPHASIS OF A PARTICULAR WORD:^1^T
^^/20 ^KTHIS IS^^/50 ^WFORM^^/50 ^WFORM^^/50 ^WFORM^^/50 ^WFORM
^/20 ^KTHIS IS^/50 ^WFORM^/50 ^WFORM^/50 ^WFORM^/50 ^WFORM
^E^1
^-The "^^/" command can give unpredictable results if the line it appears on is being right justified.
Therefore, it should only be used with "^^^KT" or "^^^KH" active.
^2
^USKIPPING LINES
^-Sometimes you would just like to leave a few blank lines or perhaps locate the next line at a specific line on the page.
The command ^^n where "n" is an optionally signed decimal number will do this.
The command "^^5" says skip 5 lines.
If this goes over the end of the page the remainder of the lines are left blank at the top of the next page.
The command "^^+20" says go to line 20 from the top of the page.
If the output is already past line 20 the command is ignored.
The command "^^-n" is not available since "^^-" is preempted as the paragraph designator.
^-The next line will be 20 lines from the top of the page.
^+20 This is 20 lines from the top^
^-We continue 3 lines from here.
^L^2
^[JUSTIFYING LEFT AND RIGHT OR LEFT ONLY MARGINS^[
^-AS YOU PROBABLY HAVE NOTICED, THIS DOCUMENTATION IS JUSTIFIED ON BOTH THE LEFT AND RIGHT MARGINS.
THE APPROPRIATE NUMBER OF SPACES HAVE BEEN INSERTED IN ORDER TO DO THIS.
THE FOLLOWING TWO COMMANDS GIVEN BELOW ALLOW THE CHOICE OF LEFT-ONLY JUSTIFICATION OR BOTH-MARGIN JUSTIFICATION.
^M+25,^1
^R-15^^^KJ
JUSTIFY BOTH THE LEFT AND RIGHT MARGINS OF THE PAPER BY INSERTING THE APPROPRIATE NUMBER OF SPACES IN THE LINE.
^1
^R-15^^^KH
JUSTIFY ONLY THE LEFT MARGIN OF THE PAPER.
DO NOT JUSTIFY THE RIGHT MARGIN.
^M-25,
^H
^-THIS PARAGRAPH IS WRITTEN WITH THE ^WFORM COMMAND "^^^KH" PRECEDING IT TO SHOW THE EFFECTS OF JUSTIFYING ONLY THE LEFT MARGIN.
AS CAN BE SEEN, IT DOESN'T LOOK AS NICE AS JUSTIFYING BOTH MARGINS.
HOWEVER, THE ABILITY TO JUSTIFY THE LEFT MARGIN ONLY IS INCLUDED IN ^WFORM FOR THOSE APPLICATIONS WHICH REQUIRE IT.
^J
^2
^[RELEASING THE LEFT MARGIN STOP^[
^-SOMETIMES, IT IS NECESSARY TO RELEASE THE LEFT MARGIN STOP.
THIS IS HOW THE "^^^KJ" AND "^^^KH" ARE STUCK OUT IN THE LEFT AREA ABOVE WITH A JUSTIFIED EXPLANATION OF THEM ON THE RIGHT.
THE SEQUENCE OF COMMANDS TO DO THIS IS:^1^T
^^^KM30,79
^^^KR15^^^^^KJ<^WCR>
^KJUSTIFY BOTH THE ... IN THE LINE.<^WCR>
^^1
^^^KR15^^^^^KH<^WCR>
^KJUSTIFY ONLY ... RIGHT MARGIN.<^WCR>
^^^KM
^E^1
^KNOW FOR THE EXPLANATION.
"^^^KM30,79" RESETS THE MARGINS SO THAT THE LEFT MARGIN IS AT COLUMN 30 AND THE RIGHT MARGIN IS AT COLUMN 79.
THE "^^^KR15" IS THE RELEASE COMMAND TO ^WFORM.
This command may have a relative argument but only the negative argument is useful.
The above command could alternately be ^^^KR-15 which would be 15 columns left of the currrent left margin.
WHAT THIS MEANS IS THAT ^WFORM IS TO RELEASE THE LEFT MARGIN STOP TO COLUMN 15 SO THAT WHATEVER REMAINS ON THE INPUT LINE GOES TO THE OUTPUT LINE AT COLUMN 15.
THE "^^^^" INDICATES TO SEND OUT A SINGLE "^^" AND THEN THE "^KJ" IS SENT TO THE OUTPUT FILE.
WHEN THE END OF THE LINE IS ENCOUNTERED (THE CARRIAGE RETURN), ^WFORM THEN RESETS THE LEFT MARGIN TO 30 FOR THE FOLLOWING INPUT LINES.
^WFORM DOES THE SAME THING FOR THE SECOND GROUP.
THE "^^^KM" AT THE END RESETS THE MARGINS BACK TO 1 AND 79.
^-TO REVIEW, THE "^^^KRN" COMMAND IS THE RELEASE COMMAND TO ^WFORM.
THAT IS, THE LEFT MARGIN STOP IS TEMPORARILY SET TO "N" AND WHATEVER REMAINS ON THE INPUT LINE GOES TO THE OUTPUT LINE AT COLUMN "N".
AFTER THE CARRIAGE RETURN IS ENCOUNTED IN THE INPUT LINE,
^WFORM THEN RESETS THE LEFT MARGIN TO WHAT IT NORMALLY WAS.
A SMALL WARNING AT THIS TIME:
IF THE REMAINDER OF THE LINE AFTER THE "^^^KRN" CONTINUES PAST THE REGULAR LEFT MARGIN, THEN THOSE CHARACTERS WHICH DO SO ARE LOST.
^2
^[TYPEWRITER MODE^[
^-AS YOU HAVE SEEN THUS FAR, ALL EXPLANATIONS HAVE CONCERNED JUSTIFIED PARAGRAPHED OUTPUT.
TABLE GENERATION SHALL BE DESCRIBED NOW.
USUALLY, IN THE GENERATION OF TABLES, THERE ARE MORE THAN ONE COLUMN OF FIGURES, WORDS, OR WHAT-HAVE-YOU.
ON A TYPEWRITER, THESE ARE SET UP BY SETTING TAB STOPS.
IN ^WFORM THIS IS DONE BY TELLING ^WFORM WHAT COLUMNS (RELATIVE TO THE CURRENT MARGINS) THE TAB STOPS ARE TO BE SET AT.
AT THE SAME TIME, "TYPEWRITER" MODE IS ENTERED.
FOR EXAMPLE:^1^T
^^^KT5+10,25,30+5+7,0
^E^1
SETS TAB STOPS AT RELATIVE COLUMNS 5, 15, 25, 30, 35, AND 42.
YOU PROBABLY NOTICED THAT YOU CAN ENTER TAB STOPS IN ONE OF TWO WAYS:
EITHER BY ENTERING THE STOP ITSELF, OR BY ENTERING THE NUMBER OF SPACES TO THE NEXT TAB STOP PRECEDED BY A "+" SIGN.
A ZERO MUST ALWAYS END THE TAB STOP SPECIFICATIONS.
FOR EXAMPLE, THE APPENDIX AT THE END OF THIS DOCUMENTATION WAS OUTPUT WHILE IN "TYPEWRITER" MODE.
^-"^KTYPEWRITER" MODE MAY ALSO BE ENTERED VIA THE COMMAND "^^^KT".
NOTICE THAT THERE ARE NO TAB STOPS SPECIFIED IN THIS COMMAND.
WHEN "TYPEWRITER" MODE IS ENTERED IN THIS MANNER, ^WFORM ASSUMES THAT THE PREVIOUS TAB STOPS ARE STILL IN EFFECT AND CONTINUES TO USE THEM.
^-ONE MUST ALSO BE ABLE TO EXIT "TYPEWRITER" MODE AND TO RESUME THE REGULAR MODE OF ^WFORM.
^2
^[EXITING TYPEWRITER MODE^[
^-TO EXIT FROM "TYPEWRITER" MODE, ONE JUST ENTERS "^^^KE" IN THE INPUT FILE.
THEN, ALL TEXT COMING FROM THE INPUT FILE AFTER THIS WILL BE JUSTIFIED ON THE OUTPUT.
IF A NUMBER IS PRESENT AFTER THE "^^^KE",
THAT NUMBER IS THE COLUMN WHICH WILL BE USED FOR PARAGRAPH INDENTIONS.
COLUMN 6 IS ASSUMED IF NONE IS PRESENT.
^2
^F10
^[CONDITIONAL PAGING^[
^-SOMETIMES IT IS NECESSARY THAT CERTAIN TABLES OR PARAGRAPHS DO NOT SPLIT UP ACROSS A PAGE.
TO INFORM ^WFORM OF THIS JUST ENTER "^^^KFN" IN THE INPUT FILE, WHERE N IS THE NUMBER OF LINES THAT SHOULD STAY TOGETHER.
THAT IS, IF THERE ARE ONLY FIVE MORE LINES ON THE OUTPUT PAGE AND YOU HAVE ENTERED AN "^^^KF7"
IN THE INPUT BECAUSE YOU KNOW THAT THERE ARE 7 LINES THAT FOLLOW AND THEY SHOULD NOT BE SPLIT ACROSS A PAGE,
THEN ^WFORM WILL AUTOMATICALLY SKIP TO THE TOP OF A NEW PAGE BEFORE PRINTING THE 7 LINES OUT.
^P
^[CAPITALIZATION COMMANDS^[
^-AS MENTIONED BEFORE, THERE ARE SEVERAL CAPITALIZATION COMMANDS:
^^^KL, ^^^KU, ^^^KK, ^^^KW, ^^^K[, ^^!, ^^^K] and ^^^KN.
FOR THOSE USERS WHICH DO NOT HAVE ANY LOWER CASE OUTPUT DEVICES, THEN YOU WILL PROBABLY NOT HAVE THE USE FOR ANY OF THESE COMMANDS EXCEPT POSSIBLY FOR "^^!".
^WFORM, BECAUSE OF THIS FACT ASSUMES THAT INPUT IS ALWAYS IN UPPER CASE.
FOR THOSE USERS WHO HAVE A LOWER CASE OUTPUT DEVICE, THE DISCUSSION WHICH FOLLOWS WOULD BE APPLICABLE TO YOU.
^-AS MENTIONED PREVIOUSLY, ^WFORM ASSUMES INPUT IS ALWAYS IN UPPER CASE.
THAT IS, "^^^KU" IS ASSUMED TO BE IN EFFECT.
TO INDICATE TO ^WFORM TO ASSUME LOWER CASE INPUT,
JUST ENTER "^^^KL" IN THE INPUT FILE.
WHEN THIS COMMAND IS ENCOUNTERED,
ALL CHARACTERS (BOTH UPPER AND LOWER CASE) ARE CONVERTED TO LOWER CASE CHARACTERS BEFORE BEING PROCESSED BY THE REST OF ^WFORM.
THIS IS BECAUSE MANY USERS JUST HAVE AN UPPER CASE ONLY INPUT DEVICE SUCH AS THE TELETYPE.
^-BECAUSE THE INPUT DEVICE IS UPPER CASE ONLY, AND OUTPUT IS IN LOWER CASE, YOU MUST HAVE AN EASY WAY OF CAPITALIZING SINGLE CHARACTERS, SINGLE WORDS, FIRST CHARACTERS OF WORDS, ETC.
THERE ARE A SERIES OF COMMANDS TO DO THESE THINGS IN ^WFORM.
"^^^KK" PRECEDING ANY CHARACTER WILL MAKE IT A CAPITAL LETTER ON OUTPUT, NO MATTER WHETHER IT IS UPPER OR LOWER CASE ON INPUT.
SIMILIARLY, "^^^KW" WILL MAKE ALL CHARACTERS WHICH FOLLOW IT, UP TO A SPACE, TAB, OR CARRIAGE RETURN, CAPITAL LETTERS ON OUTPUT IN THE SAME MANNER.
THE COMMAND "^^^K[" COMPLEMENTS A SWITCH INTERNAL TO ^WFORM WHICH INDICATES TO CAPITALIZE ALL CHARACTERS OR NOT.
THE COMMAND "^^^K]" COMPLEMENTS A SWITCH TO INDICATE TO CAPITALIZE THE FIRST CHARACTER ONLY OF ALL FOLLOWING WORDS.
"^^!" IS SIMILIAR TO "^^^K[" IN THAT IT COMPLEMENTS A SWITCH INDICATING TO CAPITALIZE ALL CHARACTERS,
BUT UPON EACH OCCURRENCE, IT ALSO OUTPUTS AN APOSTROPHE (').
IF YOU HAVE A LOWER-CASE OUTPUT DEVICE,
THEN THE FOLLOWING EXAMPLES SHOULD CLEAR THINGS UP.
TO PUT ^WFORM IN LOWER CASE MODE, YOU MUST ENTER "^^^KL" SOMEWHERE BEFORE ANY CAPITALIZATION COMMANDS:
^1^T
^^^KL
^E^1
^KTO GENERATE "^KMC^KINTYRE, ^KDR. ^KTHOMAS ^KW.", THE INPUT MIGHT LOOK LIKE THIS:
^1^T
^[^^KMC^^KINTYRE, ^^KDR. ^^KTHOMAS ^^KW. IS TO BE^[ ...
^E^1
^KHERE, THE COMMAND "^^^KK" IS USED TO CAPITALIZE INDIVIDUAL LETTERS.
AN EASIER WAY TO DO THIS WOULD BE:^1^T
^[^^]MC^^KINTYRE, DR. THOMAS W.^^] IS TO BE^[ ...
^E^1
^KAS YOU CAN SEE, THE COMMAND "^^^K]" AT THE BEGINNING TURNS CAPITALIZATION OF FIRST CHARACTERS ONLY ON.
WE STILL NEED THE "^^^KK" BEFORE THE "^KI" IN "^KMC^WINTYRE", THOUGH.
THE LAST "^^^K]" TURNS CAPITALIZATION OF FIRST CHARACTERS ONLY OFF.
^-^KNOW TO GENERATE "^KMC^[INTYRE, DR. THOMAS W.^["
EXCEPT WITH THE NAME IN ALL CAPITALS, WE DO:^1^T
^[^^KMC^^[INTYRE, DR. THOMAS W.^^[ IS TO BE^[ ...
^E^1
^KAGAIN, WE SEE THAT TO CAPITALIZE A SINGLE CHARACTER, WE NEED "^^^KK",
BUT TO CAPTIALIZE A STRING OF CHARACTERS, WE PRECEDE THE STRING WITH "^^^K[" AND END THE STRING WITH "^^^K[".
^1
THE COMMAND, "^^!" IS USED SIMILIARLY TO THE LAST EXAMPLE.
SUPPOSE THAT WE ALSO WANTED TO ENTER "^WTOM" AFTER "^WTHOMAS" BUT WITH SINGLE QUOTES AROUND IT.
THE INPUT WOULD BE:^1^T
^[^^KMC^^[INTYRE, DR. THOMAS ^^!TOM^^! W.^^[ IS TO BE^[ ...
^E^1
^KTHIS WOULD GENERATE:^1^T
^KMC^[INTYRE, DR. THOMAS ^!TOM^! W.^[ IS TO BE ...
^E^1
^-FINALLY THERE IS THE ABILITY TO INHIBIT CAPITALIZATION.
THIS IS ESPECIALLY USEFUL WHEN IN MOST CASES THE CONDITION CALLS FOR CAPITALS BUT SOMETIMES DOES NOT.
THE MOST COMMON EXAMPLE IS TITLES AND REFERENCE LISTS WHERE THE SMALL ARTICLES AND CONJUNCTIONS ARE NOT CAPITALIZED.
FOR EXAMPLE THE LINE:
^1^T
^[ ^^]THE RISE ^^NAND FALL ^^NOF ^^NTHE ROMAN EMPIRE^[
^E^1
^KWOULD APPEAR AS:^
^1^]THE RISE ^NAND FALL ^NOF ^NTHE ROMAN EMPIRE^]^
^-FOR THOSE OF YOU WHO ARE INTERESTED IN HOW ^WFORM WILL OUTPUT A CHARACTER, THE FOLLOWING RULES ARE APPLIED.
^1
^M+10,
^R-4 1.
FOR EACH CHARACTER THAT IS INPUT, IT IS FIRST CONVERTED TO LOWER CASE CODE ("^^^KL") OR left alone ("^^^KU").
^1^R-4 2.
IF ^^^KK, ^^^KW, ^^^K[, ^^!, OR ^^^K] IS ON, THEN THE CHARACTER IS passed unmodified by the "case" routine.
^1^R-4 3.
THIS CHARACTER IS THEN PASSED TO ^WFORM TO BE WORKED ON BY THE FORMATTING COMMANDS, which automatically capitalize some characters. (i.e. First of sentence or paragraph.)
^M-10,
^-HOW DOES ^WFORM HANDLE INPUT CHARACTERS?
THOSE CHARACTERS WHOSE ^WASCII 8-BIT CODES ARE 000-237 ARE IGNORED EXCEPT 215 (CARRIAGE RETURN) AND 211 (HORIZONTAL TAB).
THESE CODES AND THE CHARACTERS WHOSE ^WASCII 8-BIT CODES ARE 240-277 ARE NOT AFFECTED BY CAPITALIZATION.
CHARACTERS WHOSE ^WASCII 8-BIT CODES ARE 300-337 ARE CONSIDERED UPPER CASE CHARACTERS: ^K@, THE LETTERS ^KA THRU ^KZ, ^K[, ^K\, ^K], ^^, AND ^K_.
CHARACTERS WHOSE ^WASCII 8-BIT CODES ARE 340-376 ARE CONSIDERED LOWER CASE CHARACTERS: ACCENT ACUTE, SMALL LETTERS A THRU Z, {, |, }, AND ~.
^F10
Note that this does not strictly conform to the ^WASCII convention in which codes 340 and 373 to 376 are upper case and
codes 300 and 343 to 346 are lower case.
CODE 377 (RUBOUT) is IGNORED.
WHEN ^WFORM IS WORKING IN LOWER CASE, ALL CHARACTERS WHOSE ^WASCII CODES ARE 300-376 HAVE THE 40 BIT SET; ALL OTHER CHARACTERS ARE UNCHANGED.
When ^WFORM is working in upper case mode the codes in the input file are passed unchanged.
The reasoning here is that there are few if any keyboards that provide lower case codes and not upper case codes.
^-NOTE THAT ALL ^WFORM COMMANDS ARE LEGAL BOTH IN UPPER AND LOWER CASE MODES.
FOR EXAMPLE, "^^P IS EQUIVALENT TO "^^^KP".
^P
^[SPECIAL OPERATING FEATURES^[
^-DURING THE OPERATION OF ^WFORM, ONE MAY WISH TO SKIP OVER A PARTICULAR PAGE.
HE MAY DO SO BY TYPING ^WCTRL/O WHILE ^WFORM IS OUTPUTTING THE PAGE.
^WFORM THEN DOES NOT OUTPUT UNTIL THE BOTTOM OF THE SPENIFYED6PAE S REACHED.
^-A PAGE OF OUTPUT IS SET OUT THUSLY:
^1^T
------ ^KPAGE BREAK OF PREVIOUS PAGE
.
.
. ^KTHE TITLE LINE IS CENTERED HERE
.
.
.
^KTHE FIRST LINE OF THE BODY STARTS HERE.
.
.
.
.
.
^KTHE LAST LINE OF THE BODY IS LINE 60.
.
.
.
. ^KTHE PAGE NUMBER IS CENTERED ON THIS LINE
.
.
------ ^KPAGE BREAK OF CURRENT PAGE
^E^1
^KTHE PAGE BREAK (THE "------" ABOVE) IS TYPED OUT ONLY ON A TELETYPE-LIKE DEVICE SO THAT THE USER MAY CUT OR FOLD THE PAGES OF HIS DOCUMENT.
It is not typed out if the /M "Multilith" switch is active.
^U
^-The special command ^^D may be used to modify any or all of the above parameters.
The ^^D is followed by a string of numeric arguments separated by commas which specify the format parameters.
The arguments in order are:
^1^T
Number of columns across page (assumed 79)
Number of lines per page (assumed 66)
Location of page number (not implemented)
Number of lines from page break to title (assumed 3)
Number of lines from title to body (assumed 3)
Number of lines from body to page number (assumed 3)
Number of lines from page number to break (assumed 3)
^F10
^1For example:
^^D,62,,2,2
^E^1Is a command to change the number of lines per page to 62 and change the spacing from break to title to 2 and also change the title to body spacing to 2.
As you can see null arguments are entered by typing successive commas. Null arguments retain the current value.
^L
^"^[APPENDIX^["
^P
^C ^[CAPITALIZATION COMMANDS^[
^T
^^^KL ^KSET LOWER CASE MODE
^^^KU ^KSET UPPER CASE MODE
^^^KK ^KCAPITALIZE NEXT CHARACTER ONLY
^^^KW ^KCAPITALIZE NEXT WORD ONLY
^^^K[ ^KCAPITALIZE ALL CHARACTERS UNTIL NEXT ^^^K[
^^! ^KOUTPUT A ', CAPITALIZE ALL CHARACTERS UNTIL NEXT
^^!, OUTPUT ANOTHER '.
^^^K] ^KCAPITALIZE THE FIRST CHARACTER OF ALL WORDS UNTIL
NEXT ^^^K]
^^^KN ^KDO NOT CAPITALIZE THE NEXT CHARACTER
^2
^C ^[SPECIAL COMMANDS^[
^^^^ ^KENTER A SINGLE "^^" INTO OUTPUT FILE
^^%N ^KPASS CHARACTER EQUIVALENT OF "N" (^KOctal) TO ^WFORM
^^N ^KOUTPUT N BLANK LINES
^^(SPC) ^KFORCE A SINGLE SPACE CHARACTER (NO WORD)
^2
^C ^[FORMATTING COMMANDS^[
^^- ^KSTART A NEW PARAGRAPH; CAPITALIZE NEXT LETTER
^^# ^KDITTO
^^^KSN N=1, 2, 3; SET SINGLE-, DOUBLE-, OR TRIPLE-SPACE
^^^KP ^KSKIP TO TOP OF NEW PAGE
^^^KC ^KCENTER LINE
^^/N ^KSPACE TO COLUMN N
^^" ^KENTER NEW TITLE
^^^KM ^KENTER NEW MARGINS
^^^KD ^KENTER DOCUMENT PARAMETERS
^^^KT ^KENTER NEW TABS; ENTER "TYPEWRITER" MODE
^^^KE ^KEND OF "TYPEWRITER" MODE
^^^KR ^KRELEASE THE LEFT MARGIN STOP
^^^KF ^KCONDITIONAL PAGE BREAK
^^^KJ ^KJUSTIFY LEFT AND RIGHT MARGINS
^^^KH ^KJUSTIFY LEFT MARGIN ONLY
^U^E^2
^-Relative arguments may be used with ^^R, ^^M, ^^/, and ^^n.