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w`g.SdJ?1 REM MONOPOLY GAME BY DAVID BARKER, SOUTHEASTERN STATE COLLEGE, DURANT, OK
2 REM SLIGHT PROGRAM MODIFICATIONS BY DAVID AHL, DIGITAL
3 REMARKABLY TRANSLATED TO OS8 BASIC BY KAY R. FISHER ...DEC
4 M(1)=1500\M(2)=1500\I(1)=0\I(2)=0\DIM A$(26,21),B$(26,21),H(40)
5 DIM O$(21),G$(40,21),P$(21),L(40),P(40),R(40),C$(10,39),Z$(10,38),M$(20,60)
6 P$="HOW MANY HOUSES AT $"\O$=" EACH DO YOU WANT ON"
7 DEF FNR(H,I,Z,R)=(H(I(Z))*R(I(Z))*10)
8 FOR I=1 TO 40\L(I)=0\H(I)=0\NEXT I
9 FOR I=1 TO 8\U(I)=0\NEXT I
10 FILE #1:"RKB0:MONPLY.B1"
11 FOR I=1 TO 40\INPUT #1:G$(I)\NEXT I
12 FOR I=1 TO 20\INPUT #1:M$(I)\NEXT I
13 FOR I=1 TO 10\INPUT #1:C$(I)\NEXT I
14 FOR I=1 TO 10\INPUT #1:Z$(I)\NEXT I
15 PRINT M$(1)\PRINT\PRINT\PRINT"**RULES**"\PRINT M$(2)
16 PRINT M$(3)\PRINT M$(4)\PRINT M$(5)\CLOSE #1
17 FOR I=1 TO 40\READ P(I),R(I)\NEXT I
18 DATA 60,2,0,0,60,4,0,0,200,25,100,6,0,0,100,6,120,8,0,0
19 DATA 140,10,150,35,140,10,160,12,200,25,180,14,0,0
20 DATA 180,14,200,16,0,0,220,18,0,0,220,18,240,20,200,25
21 DATA 260,22,260,22,150,35,280,24,0,0,300,26,300,26,0,0
22 DATA 320,28,200,25,0,0,350,35,0,0,400,50,0,0
23 RESTORE
24 DIM V$(21)
25 DIM P$(20)
26 DIM N$(2,8)
30 PRINT"WHO IS PLAYER #1";\INPUT N$(1)
40 PRINT"WHO IS PLAYER #2";\INPUT  N$(2)
100 PRINT\PRINT "**";N$(1);"'S TURN**********"\F=0
102 Z=1\GOSUB 1000
103 GOSUB 2000
115 IF D<>D1 GOTO 117\F=F+1\IF F=>3 GOTO 117\PRINTM$(9)\GOTO 102
117 IF F<>3 GOTO 200\PRINT M$(10)\I(Z)=10\M(Z)=M(Z)-50
200 PRINT\PRINT"**";N$(2);"'S TURN**********"\F=0
202 Z=2\GOSUB 1000
203 GOSUB 2000
215 IF D<>D1 GOTO 217\F=F+1\IF F>=3 GOTO 217\PRINTM$(9)\GOTO202
217 IF F<>3GOTO225\PRINT M$(10)\I(Z)=10\M(Z)=M(Z)-50
225 PRINT M$(11);\INPUT F$\IF F$="QUIT" THEN 30000\GOTO 100
999 REM DICE ROLL
1000 PRINT M$(6);\INPUT F$\RANDOMIZE\X=RND(0)\Y=RND(0)
1004 D=INT(X*6+1)\D1=INT(Y*6+1)
1015 PRINT "YOU ROLLED A";D;"AND A";D1\I(Z)=I(Z)+(D+D1)
1016 IF I(Z)=<40GOTO1017\I(Z)=I(Z)-40\M(Z)=M(Z)+200
1017 RETURN
1999 REM PLACEMENT
2000 PRINT"YOU ARE ON ";G$(I(Z))
2001 REM COM CHEST
2002 IF I(Z)=2 THEN 4100\IFI(Z)=17THEN4100\IFI(Z)=33THEN4100
2003 REM INC TAX
2004 IFI(Z)<>4THEN2006\M(Z)=M(Z)-200\RETURN
2005 REM CHANCE
2006 IFI(Z)=7THEN4400\IFI(Z)=22THEN4400\IFI(Z)=36THEN4400
2007 REM VISIT IN JAIL OR FREE PARKING
2008 IFI(Z)=10THEN2014\IFI(Z)=20THEN2014
2009 REM JAIL
2010 IFI(Z)<>30THEN2011\M(Z)=M(Z)-50\I(Z)=10\RETURN
2011 IFI(Z)<>38THEN2012\M(Z)=M(Z)-75\RETURN\REM LUX TAX
2012 IFI(Z)<>40THEN2018\M(Z)=M(Z)+200\I(Z)=0\RETURN\REM GO
2014 RETURN
2018 IFL(I(Z))<>Z THEN 2019\PRINT M$(12)\GOTO 3100
2019 IFH(I(Z))<>0GOTO2020\IFL(I(Z))=<0GOTO2020\IFL(I(Z))<>ZTHEN2125
2020 IFH(I(Z))=<0GOTO2022\IFL(I(Z))=<0GOTO2022\IFL(I(Z))<>ZTHEN2100
2022 PRINT M$(7);P(I(Z));"DOLLARS"
2024 PRINT M$(8);\INPUT F$\ IF F$<>"BUY" THEN 3100
2026 M(Z)=M(Z)-P(I(Z))\PRINT "YOU NOW HAVE";M(Z);"DOLLARS"
2027 L(I(Z))=Z\GOTO 3100
2100 IF Z<>1 THEN 2101\M(Z)=M(Z)-FNR(H,I,Z,R)\M(2)=M(2)+FNR(H,I,Z,R)
2101 PRINT "YOU OWE";FNR(H,I,Z,R);"DOLLARS RENT"\RETURN
2102 IF Z<>2 THEN 2103\M(Z)=M(Z)-FNR(H,I,Z,R)\M(1)=M(1)+FNR(H,I,Z,R)
2103 PRINT "YOU OWE";FNR(H,I,Z,R);"DOLLARS RENT"\RETURN
2125 IFZ<>1 THEN 2126\M(Z)=M(Z)-R(I(Z))\M(2)=M(2)+R(I(Z))
2126 PRINT "YOU OWE";R(I(Z));"DOLLARS RENT"\RETURN
2127 IF Z<>2 THEN 2128\M(Z)=M(Z)-R(I(Z))\M(1)=M(1)+R(I(Z))
2128 PRINT "YOU OWE";R(I(Z));"DOLLARS RENT"\RETURN
3100 PRINT M$(13)\PRINTM$(14);\INPUTF$\IFF$="SELL"THEN3102
3101 GOTO 3105
3102 GOSUB 3150
3105 PRINTM$(19);\INPUTH$\IFH$="HOUSE"THEN3200\RETURN
3150 PRINTM$(15);\INPUTF$\IFF$<>"LIST"THEN3152\GOSUB3170
3152 PRINTM$(17);\INPUTV$\PRINT"HOW MUCH DO YOU WANT FOR IT";\INPUTV
3154 FOR I=1 TO 39
3156 IF V$<>G$(I)THEN3158\IFL(I)<>0THEN3158\PRINTM$(16)\RETURN
3158 IFV$<>G$(I)THEN3160\IFL(I)<>1THEN3160\M(1)=M(1)+V
3159 M(2)=M(2)-V\L(I)=2\GOTO 3165
3160 IF V$<>G$(I)THEN3162\IFL(I)<>2THEN3162\M(2)=M(2)+V
3161 M(1)=M(1)-V\L(I)=1\GOTO 3165
3162 NEXT I
3165 PRINT M$(18);\INPUT F$\IFF$="YES"THEN 3152\RETURN
3170 C=0\D=0
3171 FOR I=1 TO 39
3172 IFL(I)<>1THEN 3174\C=C+1\A$(C)=G$(I)
3174 IFL(I)<>2 THEN 3175\D=D+1\B$(D)=G$(I)
3175 NEXT I
3176 PRINT N$(1);"'S PROPERTY"
3177 FOR I=1 TO C\PRINT A$(I)\NEXT I
3178 PRINT N$(2);"'S PROPERTY"
3180 FOR I=1 TO D\PRINT B$(I)\NEXT I
3182 RETURN
3200 IFL(1)<>ZTHEN3202\IFL(3)<>ZTHEN3202\PRINTP$;"50";O$
3201 PRINT G$(1);" ";G$(3);\INPUT U\GOSUB 3250
3202 IFL(6)<>ZGOTO3204\IFL(8)<>ZGOTO3204\IFL(9)<>ZGOTO3204
3203 PRINTP$;"50";O$\PRINTG$(6);" ";G$(8);" ";G$(9);\INPUTU\GOSUB3254
3204 IFL(11)<>ZGOTO3206\IFL(13)<>ZGOTO3206\IFL(14)<>ZGOTO3206
3205PRINTP$;"100";O$\PRINTG$(11);" ";G$(13);" ";G$(14);\INPUTU\GOSUB3258
3206 IFL(16)<>ZGOTO3208\IFL(18)<>ZGOTO3208\IFL(19)<>ZGOTO3208
3207PRINTP$;"100";O$\PRINTG$(16);" ";G$(18);" ";G$(19);\INPUTU\GOSUB3262
3208IFL(21)<>ZGOTO3210\IFL(23)<>ZGOTO3210\IFL(24)<>ZGOTO3210
3209PRINTP$;"150";O$\PRINTG$(21);" ";G$(23);" ";G$(24);\INPUTU\GOSUB3266
3210IFL(26)<>ZGOTO3212\IFL(27)<>ZGOTO3212\IFL(29)<>ZGOTO3212
3211PRINTP$;"150";O$\PRINTG$(26);" ";G$(27);" ";G$(29);\INPUTU\GOSUB3270
3212IFL(31)<>ZGOTO3214\IFL(32)<>ZGOTO3214\IFL(34)<>ZGOTO3214
3213PRINTP$;"200";O$\PRINTG$(31);" ";G$(32);" ";G$(34);\INPUTU\GOSUB3274
3214IFL(37)<>ZGOTO3220\IFL(39)<>ZGOTO3220\PRINTP$;"200";O$
3215PRINTG$(37);" ";G$(39);\INPUTU\GOSUB3278
3220 RETURN
3250U(1)=U(1)+U\M(Z)=M(Z)-(U*100)\IFM(Z)=>0THEN3252\PRINTM$(20)
3251 M(Z)=M(Z)+(U*100)\U(1)=U(1)-U\RETURN
3252 H(1)=U(1)\H(3)=U(1)\RETURN
3254U(2)=U(2)+U\M(Z)=M(Z)-(U*150)\IFM(Z)=>0THEN3256\PRINTM$(20)
3255 M(Z)=M(Z)+(U*150)\U(2)=U(2)-U\RETURN
3256 H(6)=U(2)\H(8)=U(2)\H(9)=U(2)\RETURN
3258U(3)=U(3)+U\M(Z)=M(Z)-(U*150)\IFM(Z)=>0THEN3260\PRINTM$(20)
3259 M(Z)=M(Z)+(U*150)\U(3)=U(3)-U\RETURN
3260 H(11)=U(3)\H(13)=U(3)\H(14)=U(3)\RETURN
3262U(4)=U(4)+U\M(Z)=M(Z)-(U*300)\IFM(Z)=>0THEN3264\PRINTM$(20)
3263 M(Z)=M(Z)+(U*300)\U(4)=U(4)-U\RETURN
3264 H(16)=U(4)\H(18)=U(4)\H(19)=U(4)\RETURN
3266U(5)=U(5)+U\M(Z)=M(Z)-(U*450)\IFM(Z)=>0THEN3268\PRINTM$(20)
3267 M(Z)=M(Z)+(U*450)\U(5)=U(5)-U\RETURN
3268 H(21)=U(5)\H(23)=U(5)\H(24)=U(5)\RETURN
3270U(6)=U(6)+U\M(Z)=M(Z)-(U*450)\IFM(Z)=>0THEN3272\PRINTM$(20)
3271M(Z)=M(Z)+(U*450)\U(6)=U(6)-U\RETURN
3272 H(26)=U(6)\H(27)=U(6)\H(29)=U(6)\RETURN
3274U(7)=U(7)+U\M(Z)=M(Z)-(U*600)\IFM(Z)=>0THEN3276\PRINTM$(20)
3275 M(Z)=M(Z)+(U*600)\U(7)=U(7)-U\RETURN
3276 H(31)=U(7)\H(32)=U(7)\H(34)=U(7)\RETURN
3278U(8)=U(8)+U\M(Z)=M(Z)-(U*400)\IFM(Z)=>0THEN3280\PRINTM$(20)
3279 M(Z)=M(Z)+(U*400)\U(8)=U(8)-U\RETURN
3280 H(37)=U(8)\H(39)=U(8)\RETURN
3900 REM COMMUNITY CHEST
4100 RANDOMIZE\L=RND(0)
4102 IF L>.1 THEN 4104\PRINTZ$(1)\M(Z)=M(Z)+100\RETURN
4104 IF L>.2 THEN 4106\PRINTZ$(2)\M(Z)=M(Z)+100\RETURN
4106 IF L>.3 THEN 4108\PRINTZ$(3)\M(Z)=M(Z)+20\RETURN
4108 IF L>.4 THEN 4110\PRINTZ$(4)\M(Z)=M(Z)-50\RETURN
4110 IF L>.5 THEN 4112\PRINTZ$(5)\M(Z)=M(Z)+100\RETURN
4112 IF L>.6 THEN 4114\PRINTZ$(6)\M(Z)=M(Z)+200\I(Z)=0\RETURN
4114 IF L>.7 THEN 4116\PRINTZ$(7)\M(Z)=M(Z)-100\RETURN
4116 IF L>.8 THEN 4118\PRINTZ$(8)\M(Z)=M(Z)-50\I(Z)=10\RETURN
4118 IF L>.9 THEN 4120\PRINTZ$(9)\M(Z)=M(Z)-50\RETURN
4120 PRINT Z$(10)\M(Z)=M(Z)+200\RETURN
4300 REM CHANCE
4400 RANDOMIZE\L=RND(0)
4402 IF L>.1 THEN 4404\PRINTC$(1)\M(Z)=M(Z)-15\RETURN
4404 IF L>.2 THEN 4406\PRINTC$(2)\I(Z)=24\GOSUB 2000
4405 RETURN
4406 IF L>.3 THEN 4408\PRINTC$(3)\I(Z)=I(Z)-3\GOSUB 2000
4407 RETURN
4408 IF L>.4 THEN 4410\PRINTC$(4)\I(Z)=0\M(Z)=M(Z)+200\RETURN
4410 IF L>.5 THEN 4412\PRINTC$(5)\M(Z)=M(Z)+50\RETURN
4412 IF L>.6 THEN 4414\PRINTC$(6)\I(Z)=5\M(Z)=M(Z)+200\GOSUB2000
4413 RETURN
4414 IF L>.7 THEN 4416\PRINTC$(7)\I(Z)=10\M(Z)=M(Z)-50\RETURN
4416 IF L>.8 THEN 4418\PRINTC$(8)\M(Z)=M(Z)+150\RETURN
4418 IF L>.9 THEN 4420\PRINTC$(9)\I(Z)=39\GOSUB 2000
4419 RETURN
4420 PRINTC$(10)\I(Z)=11\GOSUB 2000
4421 RETURN
30000 C=0\D=0
30002 FOR I=1 TO 39
30004 IF L(I)<>1 THEN 30006\C=C+1\A$(C)=G$(I)
30006 IF L(I)<>2 THEN 30007\D=D+1\B$(D)=G$(I)
30007 NEXT I\PRINT \PRINT
30008 PRINT N$(1);" OWNED THE FOLLOWING PROPERTY"
30009 FOR I=1 TO C\PRINTA$(I)\NEXT I
30010 PRINT "AND HAD";M(1);"DOLLARS AT THE END OF THE GAME"
30011 PRINT N$(2);" OWNED THE FOLLOWING PROPERTY"
30012 FOR I=1 TO D\PRINT B$(I)\NEXT I
30013 PRINT "AND HAD";M(2);"DOLLARS AT THE END OF THE GAME"
30020 END
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lZV'%(/<@/^)^$r`z]O_JF]	m$&Z%f&.b _r!0b@ ~XH/ZbF2j\OF0J[mF$!DiEE_'&. /c_&Zg*:/L$hF{\O _b_Gjh p:z>*_/p
y|R;]@f
U_"@ ~W/"!\g0(/ \c@S{FtjYP)FrJf^cP_@T{!Ui0(/d.hlhzl >>0b ofh(>Oo$l#!0b`>x.b 6zdE'`/Vdh+\(dn>'bH!~&%f@^i&h(](&%>$*h(-(/bd8d
b!o%b(&b)`imf`mmf"aimbm`im._XJ _fhoA>+ve0/oLR~dd{d0h_/b ofoO6d(*t
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mKs>2s{{m	|9$$&e"f%(/$#h()&#"&eb%%b@o!&#D{9 >$$&"/@}'&) /,!&#)2)f6z@"b&"&%be.e"b"f!f'+J#)6"/G@.&.")bdAa.&nQD;m	R
9!$b$(ba(fe&!~bIjR& %("{~"&u%"%f%("%v&b&f"mJe]<(t?sm|m	W9
(B(z%(/$"a'b`z!h:'$oh~:8
  (bn(.()b)f"f'N J0!D.!&b&f%.%/k  %bn%.%&b&f!f$N =J:@>}0mOWfO&,	DA0lo &a.&n%a.%]k)a)f(ba(ff0@"b!!&)b&&&(b%%&oa;H""'6H"n(Hh")60%(/&(/!(/aZ.% /&" H\*!k/@m!'$)b&(b%!d
!Km	.!6$!'=%!=x&!'.
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<}*? v!>t(?;"Ri<A*f vv7\ sE0?s's#E>s7zkP&+e)tv7f4~ 4J.
<`U07g"HNy7 6 7b7 b[U>[
|[xMK{u$u%u&KI4sHovvKBM
D"" K{`.B/<""`&bz%*`.'/$""`#bK{;&K0w4#s;0Fn`1t 1t1@0N>
PP]8 File UTILity program
                             WORD-TYPE COMMANDS:


the  highest octal digit of the 5-digit address), so a maximum of 4096
words can be specified by each group.  


        As with the 'DUMP' command, the output from the 'LIST' command
is sent to the 'LDEV'.  For more information see the last paragraph of
the   'DUMP'   command,   the  'SET'  command  and  the  miscellaneous
information section.  



        MODIFY 
        ------ 


        The 'MODIFY' command allows  a  string  of  locations  on  the
device  to  be changed in the easiest way.  This is done by specifying
the format of the input and letting the program do the work of storing
the data properly.  This command has the following forms:  

        MODIFY [<format>] <location string>

        MODIFY <location string>              MO 200.0-17,35-43
        M <location string>                   M 32745-32777
        MODIFY <format> <location string>     MO PA 12342-12360
        M <format> <location string>          M AS 367.7261-7275

where  the  <location  string>  has exactly the same format as for the
'LIST' command and the <format>  options  are  shown  below.   If  the
<format>  is  not specified (as with the first form), the program will
pick the one of the formats below which  corresponds  to  the  current
setting  of  the 'FORMAT' option.  The corresponding formats are shown
below.  

   'MODIFY' format      'FORMAT' setting and 'MODIFY' action.

        ASCII           ASCII--one character of input is stored in
        A               each word to be modified.

        PACKED          PACKED--two characters of input are packed as
        P               trimmed 6-bit characters, padded with trailing
                        00's.  Control characters (those with codes
                        less than 240 octal) are packed as a 6-bit
                        77 (flag) and the low-order 6-bits of the
                        character.  Note that this means that "@" is
                        packed as a terminator (00) and that "?" is
                        not unique.

        OS              OS--three characters of input are packed into
                        two words to be modified.  When using this
                        format, the start address must be even and the
                        end address must be odd!!!





March 1977                                                              Page 21
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             WORD-TYPE COMMANDS:


        COS             COS--a space (240 octal) is subtracted from
        C               each character and then it is packed as 6-bit
                        bytes.  Control characters are handled as
                        with 'PACKED' format.

        NUMERIC         SIGNED & UNSIGNED decimal, BCD, OCTAL, BYTE,
        N               PDP, FPP and DIRECTORY formats--the input is
                        a string of numeric items which are stored one
                        per 12 bit word.  See the section on numeric
                        items.  Note that bcd, byte, directory and
                        "symbolic" are not included, that decimal or
                        octal input are determined by the "CTRL"-"D"
                        and "CTRL"-"K" switches and that signed num-
                        bers must be input enclosed in parentheses.
                        E.G. 17,(-10), ^D200, (-^K312),40, (-^D35*129)


        For  each  location  or  group  of  locations specified by the
<location string>, the program will prompt for the input  by  printing
the  start  location  in the same format as described under the output
format options above.  


                            NOTE of caution

         The program always modifies exactly  the  number  of
         words  specified  by  each  item  in  the  <location
         string>!  If you  input  extra  characters  for  the
         character  formats  or  extra  numeric items for the
         numeric format, they will be ignored.  If you  input
         not  enough  characters  or  items,  the rest of the
         words to be modified will be  set  to  the  'FILLER'
         value (see the 'SET' command).  The program will not
         output any message if either of  these  things  take
         place!!   This  does,  however,  make it possible to
         fill from 1 to 16 blocks on a device  with  zero  or
         some  other  value by specifying all the words to be
         filled in 'NUMERIC' format and  then  responding  to
         the  prompt  with  a  single "(F)" (the value of the
         'FILLER') and "RETURN".  


        Input to the program  is  always  terminated  by  a  carriage-
return   ("RETURN").   It  is  therefore  not  possible  to  insert  a
carriage-return into a word using this command.  All  of  the  editing
keys  are  available  for  use during input, therefore the "CTRL"-"C",
"CTRL"-"R", "CTRL"-"P", "CTRL"-"U" and "RUBOUT" characters  cannot  be
entered  using  this  command  either.  For all of the character input
formats, spaces and tabs in the input string are packed  as  they  are
seen.   For  numeric  input,  spaces are ignored and the numeric items
must be separated by commas.  






March 1977                                                              Page 22
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             WORD-TYPE COMMANDS:


        The command can always be aborted by "CTRL"-"P" if you  change
your mind before the "RETURN" key is pressed.  























































March 1977                                                              Page 23
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             WORD-TYPE COMMANDS:


        Search limits:  
        -------------- 


        There  are  two  search  commands  in  the program, the 'WORD'
search and the 'STRING' search.  They both search from a lower  to  an
upper limit.  The limits are either the 'LOWER' and 'UPPER' limits set
by the 'SET' command (the default) or the limits set up by the "'FROM'
<l>"  (which  overrides  the  'LOWER'  limit) and/or "'TO' <l>" (which
overrides the 'UPPER' limit) clauses which can optionally  follow  the
command  word.   Leaving  out  the  block  parts  of either of the two
temporary limits will cause the program to use the block part  of  the
corresponding  default  limit  set  by  the  'SET' command.  When in a
mapped ('SAVE' or 'LOAD') access mode, searching  through  nonexistent
locations or overlays will never produce a match.  Whenever a match is
found, the program outputs the  location  where  the  match  occurred,
followed by the word or string that matched.  


                  NOTE on searching through overlays

         It  is  not possible to search through more than one
         overlay per search command.  To do so would  require
         different  and  separate handling of the "block" and
         "address" parts of the limits  when  in  the  mapped
         modes including the resetting of the "address" part.
         The result is that in the mapped modes  the  "block"
         parts  are  used  to  set the overlay to be searched
         (lower limit only) and only the "address" parts  are
         used  in the determination of the number of words to
         be searched.  




        WORD (search) 
        ------------- 


        The 'WORD' search command is used to  search  for  a  word  or
words which, masked by the 'MASK' (which is set by the 'SET' command),
will match the search word  (also  masked).   This  command  has  five
options and therefore has the forms:  

        WORD [UNEQ] [ABS] [MEM] [FROM <l>] [TO <l>] <n>

        WORD <n>                             WO 217
        W <n>                                W (S)
        WORD UNEQUAL <n>                     W UN 0
        WO U <n>                             WO U (C&377)
        WORD ABSOLUTE <n>                    WO AB 7402
        W A <n>                              W A 7000
        WORD MEMREF <n>                      WOR MEM 41




March 1977                                                              Page 24
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             WORD-TYPE COMMANDS:


        WO M <n>                             WO M 40
        WORD FROM <l> <n>                    WO FR 213.0 2317
        W F <l> <n>                          W F 1.35 (S)
        WORD  TO <l> <n>                     W TO 213.345 1111
        W T <l> <n>                          WORD T 6257.377 7777
        ... and any combination and order of the above options...

where <n> is the bit pattern being searched for, 'UNEQUAL' means  that
all  words  which  are  not  equal to <n> under the mask do match, the
temporary limits clause is as described above, 'ABSOLUTE'  means  that
the  location  where the match occurred is to be output as an absolute
block number and displacement rather than as a relative location,  and
'MEMREF'  means that only words whose high-order octal digit is 0 thru
5 (i.e. the PDP-8 memory reference op-codes)  are  allowed  to  match,
independent of the setting of the 'MASK'.  

        When  you  want  to  search  for those words which reference a
specific location, 'SET' the 'MASK' to 377 (octal) and  then  use  the
'MEMREF'  option.   This  will exclude all operate (op-code 7) and IOT
(op-code  6)  "instructions"  from  the  output  and   can   make   it
considerably easier to find the desired information (e.g. you will not
output the location of every "CIA", 7041 octal, when you  are  looking
for references to location 41 octal).  


                       NOTE on modifier priority

         'UNEQUAL'  has  a  higher priority than 'MEMREF', so
         first  each  word  is  tested  under  the  mask  for
         equal/'UNEQUAL'  and  if  the specified condition is
         true, then the  word  is  tested  for  the  'MEMREF'
         condition.  



        STRING (search) 
        --------------- 


        The  'STRING' search command is used to search for a string of
numbers (bit patterns) under an optional string  mask.   This  command
has four options and therefore has the forms:  

        STRING [MASK] [ABS] [FROM <l>] [TO <l>] <numeric string>

        STRING <numeric string>              ST 4557,0,0
        STRING MASKED <numeric string>       ST MA 4577,0,1203
        ST M <numeric string>                ST M 5566,0
        STRING ABSOLUTE <numeric string>     ST AB 'PI,'P@
        ST A <numeric string>                ST A "A,"B
        STRING FROM <l> <numeric string>     STR FR 100 1,4000,2
        STR F <l> <numeric string>           ST F 123.4567 (S),(-S)
        STRING TO <l> <numeric string>       STR T 7577 'ER,'RO,'R@




March 1977                                                              Page 25
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             WORD-TYPE COMMANDS:


        ST F <l> T <l> <numeric string>      ST F 1.0 T 7.0 'FO,'TP
        ... and any combination and order of the above options...

where the <numeric  string>  is  simply  a  string  of  numeric  items
separated  by commas, 'MASKED' specifies that the search is to be done
under the string mask, 'ABSOLUTE' is as for the 'WORD' search, and the
temporary limits clause is as described above.  

        When  the  string  mask  is  used,  each  item of the <numeric
string> is masked by a separate mask word from the  string  mask.   If
the  string  mask  is  shorter than the search string, it is used in a
circular fashion (the first word follows the last) as  many  times  as
necessary  to  mask  all  of  the  items of the search string.  If the
string mask is longer than the search string, the extra words are  not
used.  This feature allows for very complex searches to be done.  

        For  example:   Suppose  it  is desired to find all calls to a
certain subroutine in a file and also see their arguments.  This could
be done as follows:  

        FILE FUTIL              --look up file to be searched
        FUTIL.SV   6070-6120^P  --you stop typeout
        SE MODE SAVE            --set access mode to mapped
        SMASK (-1),0,0          --set mask for 2 arguments per call
        ST M 4547,0,0           --search for 4547 and 2 dummies


        The output will give the address of the subroutine call (which
requires an exact match due to the mask of 7777) and the  contents  of
the  two following words (which can be anything, since they are masked
by 0).  

        Using the mask specified above, a search could be made for  an
exact  match,  2  "don't care words" and another exact match by simply
specifying a search string with 4 arguments.  The first  item  of  the
string  mask will be used to mask both the first and the last items of
the search string.  

        This command can be particularly useful when  trying  to  find
certain  kinds of references in programs for which no CREF listing (or
perhaps no listing at all) is available.  


        SMASK 
        ----- 


        The 'SMASK' command is used to set up the string mask.  It has
the following form:  

        SMASK <numeric string>           SM (-1),0,0,7000,0 






March 1977                                                              Page 26
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             WORD-TYPE COMMANDS:


where  the  <numeric  string>  is  the same as for the 'STRING' search
command  above.   The  current  contents  of  the  string  mask may be
examined by the 'SHOW' command.  






















































March 1977                                                              Page 27
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             WORD-TYPE COMMANDS:


        SET 
        --- 


        The  'SET'  command  is  used  to  set up various switches and
variables within the program.  It has many options, each of  which  is
the name of the switch or variable and is always followed by a word or
number describing how it is to be set.  The command has the  following
two forms:  

        SET <option(s)>              SE OU PDP ERR LONG MODE SAV
        S <option(s)>                S LO 100.0 UP 123.377 LDEV LP

where the options are as follows:

        OUTPUT OCTAL            Set the output mode for the single-
        OUTPUT O                character commands.  Initialized to
        O      PDP              'OCTAL'.
        O      P
        OUT    FPP
        O      F

        ERROR SHORT             Set the mode for error message output.
        E     S                 The 'SHOW' 'ERRORS' command will out-
        E     LONG              put all error messages and codes for
        ERROR L                 'SHORT' mode.  Initialized to 'LONG'.
                                Set to 'SHORT' by chaining with "/E"
                                or with write locked system device.

        FORMAT <format>         Set output format.  The formats have
                                been described previously.  Initial-
                                ized to 'PACKED' ascii.

        OFFSET <l>              Set the offset to the low 12 bits of
                                <l>.  Initialized to 0.

        FILLER <n>              Set the filler to the low 12 bits of
                                <n>.  Initialized to 0.

        LOWER <l>               Set the lower search limit.  Init1al-
                                ized to 0.200

        UPPER <l>               Set the upper search limit.  Initial-
                                ized to 0.17577

        DEVICE <device name>    Set up the OS/8 device for access.
                                The handler is fetched at this time.
                                Initialized to "SYS" (device 01).
                                Do not include ":" in <device name>.
                                <device name> is an assigned or per-
                                manent OS/8 mass storage device name.

        LDEV TTY                Set up the device for 'DUMP', 'LIST'




March 1977                                                              Page 28
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             WORD-TYPE COMMANDS:


        LDEV LPT                & 'SHOW ERR' commands.  Initialized
                                to 'TTY'.  'LDEV LPT' will fetch
                                the "LPT" handler for your system.

        MODE NORMAL             Set up the device access mode.
        MODE N                  These have been described
        MODE SAVE               previously.  Initialized to 'NORMAL'.
        MODE S                  set to 'SAVE' by chaining with "/S",
        MO   LOAD               to 'LOAD' by chaining with "/L"
        MO   L                  and to 'OFFSET' by "/O=oooo".
        MO   OFFSET
        MO   O

        MASK <n>                Set the 'WORD' search mask to the low
        M    <n>                12 bits of <n>.  Initialized to 7777.


        As many options as desired may be  specified  on  one  command
line,  separated  by  spaces.   In  the event of an error, none of the
options past the point where the error occurred will  have  been  set.
If you have any question, use the 'SHOW' command.  


        SHOW 
        ---- 


        The  'SHOW'  command  is  used  to  output  information on the
current setting of all of the program switches and  variables  set  by
the  'SET'  command and other information.  The program outputs either
words or numbers to best describe the current settings.  As  with  the
'SET'  command, as many of the options for this command as desired may
be specified on a single command  line,  separated  by  spaces.   This
command has the form:  

        SHOW <option(s)>         SH BL CCB LOW UP ODT REL ABS 

where the <options> are as follows:  

        BLOCK           Output in octal the start block number
        B               of the last file specified by the last
                        'FILE' command.

        CCB             Output the core control block of the last
        C               file specified by the 'FILE' command.  If
                        the file is not a 'SAVE' file, an error
                        will occur.  The start address of the file
                        is output as a 5-digit octal number, the
                        job status word (JSW) is output in octal,
                        and the core segments are output as 5-digit
                        octal addresses.  When LINK files with
                        overlays become available, the overlay
                        information will be output as with




March 1977                                                              Page 29
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             WORD-TYPE COMMANDS:


                        the 'HEADER' (next).

        HEADER          Output the header block information for
        H               the last file specified by the last 'FILE'
                        command.  If the file is not a 'LOAD'
                        file, an error will occur.  The start add-
                        ress is output as a 5-digit octal number,
                        followed by the next free address as a 5-
                        digit octal number, the loader version
                        number in octal and a message if Extended
                        Precision is required.  Then, for each
                        level, a line is output with the number
                        of overlays, the 5-digit start address,
                        the relative start block and the length of
                        the overlays for this level.

        ABSOLUTE        Output the absolute location of the last
        A               word accessed on the device in <location>
                        format (a 4 digit octal block number, a
                        "." and a 5-digit octal address).

        RELATIVE        Output the relative location (what you
        R               specified) of the last word accessed on
                        the device in <l> format.

        ODT             Output the relative location of the last
                        word accessed by one of the special-char-
                        acter commands in <l> format.

        LOWER           Output the search lower limit in <l> format.

        UPPER           Output the search upper limit in <l> format.

        FILLER          Output the value of the filler in octal.

        MASK            Output the 'WORD' search mask in octal.
        M

        SMASK           Output the current contents of the 'STRING'
                        search mask as a string of octal numbers.

        OFFSET          Output the value of the offset in octal.

        MODE            Output the name of the current setting
                        of the device access mode switch ('NORMAL',
                        'SAVE', 'LOAD' or 'OFFSET').

        DEVICE          Output the OS/8 device name and number.

        OUTPUT          Output the name of the current single-
        O               character (ODT) command 'OUTPUT' mode
                        (OCTAL, PDP or FPP).





March 1977                                                              Page 30
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             WORD-TYPE COMMANDS:


        FORMAT          Output the name of the current format.
        F

        VERSION         Output the current version number of FUTIL.

        ERRORS          Output a complete list of all error codes
        E               and their corresponding messages.  Note:
                        This list is output to the 'LDEV' (list
                        device) so that it can be output using the
                        "LPT" handler for your system.  Note that
                        Version number is also output with errors.














































March 1977                                                              Page 31
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             WORD-TYPE COMMANDS:


        FILE 
        ---- 


        The 'FILE' command is used to locate files on the OS/8  device
and  to  set up the start block of a file for the mapped access modes,
'SHOW' 'CCB', etc.  This command has the forms:  

        FILE <file name string>                 FI FUTIL PIP.SV
        F <file name string>                    F FORTRN MICRO.LD

where the <file name string> is a string of  one  or  more  OS/8  file
names,  separated by spaces.  The program assumes extensions of ".SV",
".LD" and null (in this order) when looking up  the  file.   This  can
lead  to  a  substantial  amount  of  time  when  a large directory is
searched three time for a file that does  not  exist.   Specifying  an
extension  will  cause  only  one  lookup  attempt to be made.  A null
extension, if desired, may be specified by making  the  "."  the  last
character  of  the file name.  The program does one (or more) separate
lookup(s) for each file name specified and outputs either 

        <file name>  ssss-eeee  oooo (dddd)  b.lll  mm/dd/yr
or
        <file name>  ssss-eeee  oooo (dddd)  b.lll
or
        <file name>  LOOKUP FAILED

where "ssss" is the start block of the file in octal,  "eeee"  is  the
last  block  of the file in octal, "oooo" is the length of the file in
octal, "dddd" is the length of the file in  decimal,  "b.lll"  is  the
block  (segment)  and  location within that block of the first word of
the file  entry  (the  first  two  characters  of  the  name)  in  the
directory, and "mm/dd/yr" is the file date.  If the directory does not
contain the extra word required for the date or the date word  of  the
file is 0, the second form with no date will be output rather than the
first form.  The "LOOKUP FAILED" message means either  that  the  file
name  was  not  found on the device or that the device is a write-only
device.  

        The actual lookup operation is  performed  by  the  OS/8  USR,
which  is swapped as needed (see section on program execution).  Since
the USR keeps track of  the  current  device  once  the  first  'FILE'
command  is  given,  it will have the wrong directory in memory if the
medium (tape or disk) is changed on the physical device.  This can  be
solved one of two ways:  

1)      Use  the  'REWIND'  command to rewind the device being removed
and reset the directory segment in the USR.  

2)      Do a 'SHOW ERRORS' and  abort  the  output  when  the  message
output  begins.   This will have swapped out the USR.  If messages are
not available, use 1) or 3).  





March 1977                                                              Page 32
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             WORD-TYPE COMMANDS:





3)      Use  EXIT  or  "CTRL"-"C"  to return to OS/8 and then directly
restart FUTIL with the 'START' command.  This will  have  swapped  out
both error messages and USR from memory.  

        Any  of these methods should be followed by a 'SET' command to
reset the 'DEVICE' (and the rest of the I/O switches in the  program).

        The  last  file name specified that did not have a LOOKUP FAIL
will be the file used in the mapped access modes, 'SHOW'  'CCB',  etc.
The program is initialized with no known file, so attempting to access
any location in a mapped access mode or attempting to 'SHOW' 'CCB'  or
'SHOW'  'HEADER'  without  giving a valid 'FILE' command will cause an
error.  


        WRITE 
        ----- 


        The 'WRITE' command is used to force the program to write  out
the block currently in memory.  It has the form:  

        WRITE [<block>] 

where  the  optional <block> overrides the default number of the block
that was read to specify where the current block  is  to  be  written.
This  obviously  dangerous  operation  does  allow a limited amount of
copying in a special situation, e.g. allowing a directory to be backed
up  by  moving  a  copy  to  the  end  of the device (see the examples
section) or copying a single block  from  one  device  to  another  by
changing  the  'DEVICE'  and  then doing a 'WRITE' (with or without an
argument).  Again, as stated in the section on accessing  the  device,
caution  must  be used because attempting to write beyond the end of a
device may not be checked by the handler.  


        SCAN 
        ---- 


        The 'SCAN' command is used to do a rapid scan for read  errors
on the current 'DEVICE'.  It has the form:  

        SCAN <block string>             SC 0-6257 

where  the  <block  string>  is  of  the  same  form as for the 'DUMP'
command.  Each block is simply  read.   If  an  error  occurs,  it  is
reported as:  






March 1977                                                              Page 33
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             WORD-TYPE COMMANDS:


        oooo BAD BLOCK 

where "oooo" is the block number in octal,  and  the  scan  continues.
This  is  the  only  FUTIL command that will continue on a read error.
Should the current block have been changed, and any  other  blocks  be
included  in  the  scan, an implicit write will be attempted by FUTIL.
An error on this implicit write will be reported and then the  command
will be aborted.  This is the only time that this command will attempt
a write.  The command can then be repeated if it  is  desired  and  it
will  execute (only one implicit write attempt is ever made by FUTIL).


                     NOTE on block number display

         The OS/8 "actual" block number for the block  to  be
         read  is  stored  (for  display)  in the computer MQ
         register (if present).  The value is  stored  before
         checking  if  the current block needs to be written.
         It is particularly useful for following the progress
         of this command.  



        REWIND 
        ------ 


        The  'REWIND'  command  is used to move a tape back to block 1
and to reset the USR directory segment.  It has the form:  

        REWIND 

and must be terminated by the "RETURN" key.  It causes a read of block
1  of  the device and resets the directory segment key word in the USR
(if  in  memory).   Any  subsequent  'FILE'  command  will  cause  the
directory to be read.  


        EXIT 
        ---- 


        The 'EXIT' command provides a method of return to OS/8 besides
"CTRL"-"C".  It has the form:  

        EXIT 

and the rest of the line is ignored.  









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                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             WORD-TYPE COMMANDS:


        EVAL 
        ---- 


        The  'EVAL'  command  is  used  to  evaluate  a  parenthesized
expression of signed double-precision integers.  It has the forms:  

        EVAL <expression>               EV S*^D4096+D
        E <expression>                  E B*400+L

where  the  <expression>  follows  the  normal  rules  for  arithmetic
expressions.  Legal operators, in their order of precedence are:  

        (       evaluate inner expression
        /       signed division
        *       signed multiplication
        -       subtraction
        +       addition
        &       logical product ("and")
        !       logical sum ("or")
        )       expression end


        Besides  24  bit numeric input (which can be octal, decimal or
mixed octal and decimal  under  the  control  of  the  "CTRL"-"D"  and
"CTRL"-"K" switches and ascii and packed ascii using """ and "'"), the
following "variables" may be used:  

        C       current contents (of location "L").
        L       current location (15 bit, same value as is
                output by the 'SHOW' 'RELATIVE' command).
        B       current block number (as for "L").

        F       contents of 'FILLER'.

        S       contents of the console switch register.

        R       the remainder of the last division or the
                high product of the last multiplication.
                24 bits, the sign may not be correct.

        D       contents of OS/8 Monitor "date" word.


        Overflow  on  addition,  subtraction  and  multiplication  are
ignored, but trying to divide by 0 will cause an error.  

        If  no  errors occur, the program evaluates the expression and
types out the results in the form:  


        "= oooooooo (sddddddd)" 





March 1977                                                              Page 35
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             WORD-TYPE COMMANDS:





where   "oooooooo"  is  the  double  precision  result  in  octal  and
"sddddddd" is the signed double precision result in decimal (the  sign
is either "-" or " ").  



















































March 1977                                                              Page 36
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES:


        These examples are to help provide an overview of the  use  of
the  program  and to stimulate the thoughts of the user.  They are not
as well commented as the two examples on pages 1  and  2  because  the
desire is to show concepts of what can be done with the program rather
than the mechanics of the operations.  Should questions arise  on  the
mechanics, it is suggested that those two examples and the discussions
of the commands in question be reviewed.  


1)      While doing a "/S" transfer with PIP, it gives a read error in
your  file  "SOURCE.PA".  Attempting to read it with EDIT causes it to
type "?0^C" and return to the Monitor.  Find  out  what  is  wrong  as
follows:  

        .R FUTIL

        FI SOURCE.PA                    --look up the file
        SOURCE.PA  0243-0351  0107 (0071)  2.005  08/30/72

        SE MASK 0 LO 243.0 UP 351.377   --set up mask & limits

        W UNE 0                         --search the file

        ?ee AT 08  FATAL READ ERROR     --here is the problem
        [Note: "ee" may change with version, so is left out.]
        SH ABS                          --find out where it is
        ABS. LOC = 0271.00000

        WR                              --attempt to clear error

        DU OS (B+L/400)                 --it worked, now dump it

        0271.00000:  ....^P             --change your mind

        MOD NU 271.0-377                --zero the block to be sure
        0271.00000:  0                  --   of its state

        W UN FR 272.0 0                 --check the rest of the file


        ^C                              --ok, now go fix the source

        This  sequence  can also be carried out using the SCAN command
as follows:  

        .FUT SOURCE.PA                  --use CCL to call & lookup

        SOURCE.PA  0243-0351  0107 (0071)  2.005  08/30/72
        SCAN 243-351                    --scan the area

        0271  BAD BLOCK                 --here is the problem!

        271.0/  ?ee AT 07  FATAL READ ERROR  --get block with trouble




March 1977                                                              Page 37
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES:



        WR                              --attempt to clear error

        DU OS (B+L/400)                 --it worked, now dump it

        0271.00000:  ....^P             --change your mind

        MOD NU 271.0-377                --zero the block to be sure
        0271.00000:  0                  --   of its state

        WR                              --write out the block
        ^C                              --ok, now go fix the source


        If  the  error  had  been  of some type other than a clearable
error, the 'WR' command might also  have  failed.   It  might  not  be
possible  to  fix the "SOURCE" file in this case.  In either case, the
data in the failing block may not  be  correct  and  may  have  to  be
corrected with the editor.  


                            NOTE on access

         The  second  'WORD'  search  command  will cause the
         block which has just been  zeroed  by  the  'MODIFY'
         command  to  be  written  out.   See  the section on
         accessing the device for more information.  



2)      After using build to change your system, find out  the  device
number for "DTA1":  

        .R FUTIL

        SE DEV DTA1                     --fetch the device handler
        SHOW DE
        DEVICE = DTA1 (06)              --number is decimal


3)      By  accident  you  zero a DECtape directory which contains the
only copy of a file you need.  You have the PIP "/E"  listing  of  the
directory  but only want to re-build it enough to get the wanted file.
The name of the file is "LOST.FI":  

        .R FUTIL

        SE DEV DTA1                     --it was here
        EV ^D5+14+11+10+16+13+8+5       --lengths of all preceding
        = 00000122 ( 0000082)           --   files
        EV ^D730-^K61-^D82-25           --rest of DECtape room
        = 00001076 ( 0000574)





March 1977                                                              Page 38
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES:


        1.0/ 7777  (-3)                 --now 3 files
        4/ 7777                         --1 extra word per entry
        0001.00005\ 0000  'DU           --set up a "DUMMY" file
        0001.00006\ 7556  'MM           --   over the old <EMPTY>
        0001.00007\ 1752  'Y@
        0001.00010\ 3451  0             --a null extension
        0001.00011\ 6234  (D)           --put in today's date
        0001.00012\ 4235  (-^D82)       --length
        0001.00013\ 5761  'LO           --the desired file
        0001.00014\ 3341  'ST
        0001.00015\ 2371  0
        0001.00016\ 1107  'FI           --the extension
        0001.00017\ 1366  (D)
        0001.00020\ 3015  (-^D25)       --its length
        0001.00021\ 3415  0             --an <EMPTY> to end it
        0001.00022\ 2713  (-^D574)      --the rest of the tape

        WRITE                           --now write it out
        ^C                              --   & exit to use it


        The "LINE-FEED" key was used to advance through the words.  


        The  above example is exactly the same as hand calculating the
required length of the "DUMMY"  file  and  then  doing  the  following
sequence using PIP:  

        .R PIP
        *DTA1:DUMMY</I=122              --enter the DUMMY file
        *DTA1:LOST.FI</I=31             --enter the LOST.FI
        *^C


        Note that the lengths of the files are specified in octal!  


4)      Search  for  the  end  of  each  page  of  text  in  the  file
"WRITE.UP".  Since the file is an  OS/8  ascii  file,  which  has  two
characters packed in the low 8 bits of two words and a third character
packed in the high 4 bits of both of  the  two  words,  the  form-feed
character (^L) may be packed as the third character in some cases.  So
it is necessary to search both through the low 8 bits of each word and
through the high 4 bits of each pair of words.  Do it as follows:  

        .R FUTIL

        FI WRITE.UP
        WRITE.UP   0301-0437  S^P       --typeout stopped
        SE MA 377
        SE LO 301.0 UP 437.377          --char mask & limits set

        W A "^L                         --search for form-feed




March 1977                                                              Page 39
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES:



        ....... typeout occurs here

        SMASK  7400,7400                --set up string mask

        ST M A ("^L*20),("^L*400)       --search for 3rd char f-f

        ....... more typeout here       --only even addresses are real
                                        -- parts of form-feed pair!



        In the string search, both the string and  the  data  searched
are "masked" by the string mask.  


5)      You  just assembled and saved FUTIL but forgot to use the "/P"
switch to ABSLDR.  Fix the CCB (core-control-block) as follows:  

        .ST                             --it's already in core

        FI FUTIL
        FUTIL.SV   0341-^P              --stop output
        341.1/ 6203                     --the "CDF CIF" part &
        0341.00002\ 6400                --   the address
        0341.00003\ 0000  400           --change the JSW

        WR                              --write the new ccb

        SHOW CCB                        --check it this way
        CCB:
          SA = 06400,  JSW = 0400
          CORE^P                        --ok, output stopped


6)      The CREF listing file for your source file is about 732 blocks
long  (just  over  one full DECtape).  If you do want to CREF the file
onto a DECtape, you must do it either with  the  "/X"  (don't  process
literals)  switch  or else you could use FUTIL to set up the directory
with 735 blocks (by starting at block 2) as follows:  

        .R PIP
        *DTA1:</Z                       --zero the directory
        *^C

        .R FUTIL

        SE DEV DTA1                     -- * * see WARNING below * *
        1.1/ 0007 2                     --change first block number
        6/ 6446  (C-5)                  --5 more blocks
        WR                              --write it out
        ^C                              --now CREF it....





March 1977                                                              Page 40
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES:



                      * * * *  WARNING!  * * * *

         Do  not copy files onto a device that has been fixed
         this way with FOTP (COPY command) because it  writes
         out  a  directory  of six blocks after the transfers
         are finished and this will zap blocks  2  through  6
         (the  first  5  blocks  of the first file) after the
         copy is done!   PIP  and  other  processors  do  not
         monkey  around  with  the  directory and will handle
         this correctly 



7)      Something is extremely flaky in your system and you have  been
loosing  your  directory repeatedly.  After fixing it up with both PIP
and FUTIL, you want to just back it up while you generate your  output
files  onto  another  device.  Since your system device has a total of
6260 (octal) blocks (an RK8E) you back up the directory as follows:  

        .FUTIL/X                        -defeat remembrance

        1.0/ 7714  WR 6251              --transfer blocks up by
        2.0/ 7740  WR 6252              -- 6250  blocks.
        3.0/ 7770  WR 6253
        4.0/ 0000  3.2/ 0000            --block 3 was last, so
        ^C                              -- all done


        Shortly  after  this,   everything   crashes   totally,   i.e.
directory  smashed, system gone from disk.  Rebooting from your trusty
DECtape you use PIP to restore the system area and then use  FUTIL  to
restore the directory:  

        .R FUTIL                        --No CCL from DECtape!

        SET DEV RKA0                    --load  non-system device
        6251.0/ 7714  WR 1              --transfer by 6250 blocks
        6252.0/ 7740  WR 2              -- the other way
        6253.0/ 7770  WR 3              --the last one

        SCAN 0-6250                     --do a SCAN for good luck


8)      During a SCAN of a device a bad block is found in an important
data file and you would like to know just how far  the  read  of  that
block  really  succeeded  (e.g.  on  a DECtape, the type of error will
determine whether the read will abort immediately or  wait  until  the
end  of  the  physical block).  The following commands assume that the
block number is "bbbb" and set the input/output  buffer  in  FUTIL  to
zeros before doing the read:  

        bbbb.0/ ?ee AT 07  FATAL READ ERROR     --do read to set up




March 1977                                                              Page 41
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES:



        MOD NUM 0-377
        bbbb.00000:  0                  --set whole buffer to 0

        SET DEV same                    --set to device now in use

        / ?ee AT 01  FATAL READ ERROR   --force the read again

        DUMP OC bbbb                    --dump & examine the block

        This example makes use of the fact that  changing  the  DEVICE
resets  the  status of the buffer without changing its contents.  This
status includes the block number  known  and  the  <something-changed>
flag.   Therefore  the next access to the block causes the block to be
re-read without attempting to write  it  out.   Following  the  second
error,  as  much  as  possible  of  the block will have been read into
memory and can now be examined for non-zero values (assuming that  the
data  itself  was  not all zeros!).  If the read terminated before the
end of the block, there should be an obvious  separation  between  the
zero and non-zero values.  


9)      Your system has a line printer which can output 132 characters
per line and 68 lines per page and you would like to change  PAL8  and
CREF to make use of this to use less paper.  Allowing two lines at the
bottom of the page, the lines per page should be set to 66 (call  this
"nl").   Three  changes  need  to be made to PAL8 to change the global
number of lines per page (nl), the number of items per column  of  the
symbol  table  (-nl+1)  and the number of symbols per page (3*[nl-1]).
One change needs to be made to CREF to change the number of lines  per
page  (nl)  and  three changes need to be made to change the number of
items per line of cross references.  Since CREF uses 10 characters for
the  symbol  name  and 6 characters per line number, 19 references can
comfortably fit on one line (19*6+10 = 124).  The following changes to
these  two  processors  will increase the number of lines per page and
the number of items per line in the cross-reference outputs  and  then
update the dates of the two processors in the directory:  

        .FUT PAL8/S                     -- * * SEE NOTE BELOW * *

        PAL8.SV    0200-0217  0020 (0016)  1.057  04/03/76

        1104/ 0070  ^D66                --global lines per page

        1256/ 7711  (-^D65)             --symbol table column size

        1273/ 0245  (3*^D65)            --symbols per page

        FILE CREF                       -- * * SEE NOTE BELOW * *
        CREF.SV    0220-0234  0015 (0013)  1.065  01/18/74

        2564/ 7704  (-^D66)             --lines per page as above





March 1977                                                              Page 42
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                             ADDITIONAL EXAMPLES:


        2017/ 1102  1366> TAD 2166      --change instructions here

        2132/ 1102  1366> TAD 2166      --  and here to get new

        2166/ 0077  (-^D19)             --  references per line

        SET MODE NORM                   --reset access mode

        1.(57+4)/ 2036  (D)             --change dates of PAL8

        (65+4)/ 624  (D)                --  and CREF.

        WRITE                           --output the last changes

        Location 2166 was not used previous to this patch.  Note  that
the first reference to the word in CREF will cause the last block that
was modified  in  PAL8  to  be  written  out.   Similarly,  the  first
reference to the directory will cause the last block that was modified
in CREF to be written out.  


                   NOTE on versions of PAL8 and CREF

         These  patches  were  empirically   determined   and
         applied  to  PAL8  V9H and CREF V3C.  They have been
         applied to some other versions  of  both  processors
         and  may  be correct for all versions of PAL8 V9 and
         CREF V3.  USE THESE WITH CAUTION!  


        These patches were determined by Dennis McGhie  for  use  with
his  program  called  VLIST,  which  uses  PLOT  mode  on  a  Versatec
printer/plotter to output optionally higher density characters and  to
implement  lower  case  characters  for  printers without that option.
This example is provided partly to document these changes  for  others
who  might  find  them useful.  Dennis was not able to decode the code
used in the PAL8 symbol table output routine well enough to be able to
allow for more columns in the symbol table output.  I would be glad to
update this example to include this information if is possible.  


















March 1977                                                              Page 43
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                          MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION:


        Assembling, loading & CREFing the program:  
        ------------------------------------------ 


        Five  files  are  provided with the release of FUTIL, the core
image, source, writeup and help files of FUTIL and the source file for
the  patches  to  CCL to add the FUTIL command.  This last source file
(named FUTCCL.PA) contains the documentation for  its  implementation.
Remember  that after patching CCL.SV the command "R CCL" must be given
to update the Monitor command tables with the new command.  

        Assemble and load the program as follows:  

        .R PAL8
        *FUTIL,FUTIL<FUTIL/L/P=6400$
        .SA ... FUTIL


        The binary file requires about 35  blocks,  the  listing  file
about  665  blocks and the cref listing about 880 blocks.  Crefing the
listing requires either "/M" or "/X" for CREF V3.  



        Program execution and memory allocation:  
        ---------------------------------------- 


        The start address (as seen above) is 06400.  When the  program
is  started  here, it resets the internal CCB buffer, resets the start
address to 00200, attempts to write out the error messages  (resetting
the 'ERROR' mode control if unsuccessful) and jumps to 00200.  If, for
some reason, it is desired to manually re-start the program  after  it
has been loaded, it can be re-started at 00200.  

        Chaining support has been added to FUTIL to allow the addition
of a CCL command to call FUTIL, perform an optional device and/or file
setup,  and  optionally set 'SHORT' error mode and/or one of the three
access modes other than 'NORMAL'.  After CCL has been patched  with  a
small  source  file  which accompanies the FUTIL source, the following
command is added:  

        F[UTIL] [dev:][file[.ex]] [/E] [<access mode>] 

where only the first character is required (but any  others  specified
must  be  correct), the optional device defaults to DSK if a file name
is included but otherwise is SYS, the optional file name will cause  a
'FILE'  command  to be performed as the last setup operation (in which
case the extension will default to all  three  normal  defaults),  the
optional  "/E" sets the 'ERROR' mode to 'SHORT' (to remove the need to
swap the USR) and the optional <access mode> specification can be  one
of the following-- 





March 1977                                                              Page 44
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                          MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION:


/L        Set the mode to 'LOAD' and set the default extension to use
          only ".LD".

/O=oooo   Set the mode to 'OFFSET' and set the 'OFFSET' to "oooo".

/S        Set the mode to 'SAVE' and set the default extension to use
          only ".SV".

        The error messages are swapped with the USR, but  not  in  the
normal  manner,  allowing  write  locked  startup with the loss of the
message text.  When  the  program  starts  execution,  it  writes  the
messages  onto  the  system device in the same area used by the USR in
swapping.  Once this has been done, the USR  or  error  messages  need
only  be  read  into  memory,  as needed.  In the case where it is not
possible to write on the system device, i.e. it is write  locked,  the
messages  are discarded, 'SHORT' mode is set permanently and execution
continues without a hitch.  Similarly,  should  an  error  occur  when
reading  the messages, 'SHORT' mode is set permanently and an error is
given to warn that this has happened (with no message, of course!).  


        The program uses almost all of the available memory in  an  8K
PDP-8.  It is allocated as follows:  

        00000-06240     program proper
        06240-06577     buffer for arguments
        06400-06577     -- once only code for chaining --
        06600-07177     LPT: handler area, 2 pages
        07277-07577     device handler area, 2 pages

        10000-11777     usr area & error messages (swapped)
        12000-12177     ccb/header input and test
        12200-15240     text strings, lists
        15240-16177+    string mask, command buffers, p.d.l.
        16400-16777     LPT: buffer, 2 pages
        17000-17177     CCB buffer, 1 page
        17200-17577     I/O buffer, 2 pages


        The  buffer for arguments in field 0 is defined long enough to
store 45 numeric string items.  The string mask buffer, in field 1, is
66  words  long,  and  the  command  buffer,  also  in field 1, is 140
characters long.  These lengths were chosen in anticipation  of  input
from  console devices with up to 132 characters per line.  No checking
of any kind is done to  protect  against  overflow  of  any  of  these
buffers  under  the assumption that these buffers are large enough for
any reasonable input to this program, however, the arrangement of  the
buffers  is  set  up  in such a way that the most valuable data is the
farthest distance from a variable buffer.  

        The push-down-list (p.d.l.) buffer uses the area  in  field  1
from  the  end of the command buffer (approximately location 15540) to
the beginning of  the  LPT:  buffer  (location  16400).   This  should




March 1977                                                              Page 45
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                          MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION:


provide ample room for any expression able to fit on one line.  Again,
no checking to prevent overflow is done.  



        List device output:  
        ------------------- 


        The  list  device  output  for  the  'DUMP', 'LIST' and 'SHOW'
'ERRORS' commands has been  implemented  for  the  single  purpose  of
speeding  up the output from these commands for immediate viewing.  As
a result, a very simplified approach has  been  taken  which  was  not
designed for general file-type output.  

        As  a  result of this approach, the output buffer is dumped to
the line-printer handler at the end of  every  line  of  output.   The
characters  in  the  buffer  are stored one per word and the buffer is
padded with 0's before the handler is called (so  the  handler  should
ignore  nulls!).   The block number in the handler call is set to 7777
(octal) and is never changed, for the specific purpose of  disallowing
output  to  a  mass storage device through a Monitor "ASSIGN" command.
[Note: since 0 is not a legal device length, no device can  have  more
than  4095  blocks  and there is no block 7777 under OS/8!  However BE
WARNED  (!!!!!!!)  that  most  handlers  have  no  bad  block   number
protection built in!] 


        Implementation notes:  
        --------------------- 


        This program, in its current state, reflects about 10 years of
on and off development.  Although a few of the commands  have  changed
and  many  new  features  have been added (requiring at least 2 global
re-structurings), the general philosophy remains the  same--a  command
driven  debugging  tool  with  two  major  command  types  and as many
features to aid debugging as  could  be  crammed  into  the  available
space.  

        FUTIL   is   largely  a  table  driven  processor,  using  the
"sort-and-branch" table idea to perform one- and  two-character  table
lookups.   Since compute speed is generally not important, this method
is used even when simply checking characters for validity  because  it
reduces  the  amount  of  code  in field 0 (at the expense of space in
field 1, which is not full).  Some of the execution routines make  use
of  the "sort-and-branch" routine pointers to index into a third table
of some sort.  This, for example, allows a  single  small  routine  of
about  25  words  to  handle  all  13  of  the special characters (ODT
commands) which replace the current contents of the open location with
an  optional  new  value  and  then  output  the current contents in a
specified format.  The program proper is in field 0  with  some  space
for  handlers and a single temporary buffer.  All of the lists for the




March 1977                                                              Page 46
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                          MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION:


"sort-and-branch" routine, text for output, instruction mnemonics  and
error messages are in field 1 with a small amount of code.  The  major
buffers are also in field 1.  

        The command input routine collects characters from the console
device through a subroutine which handles  case  conversion,  rubouts,
line  re-echo  and  line  erase.  They are then checked for the set of
terminator characters (all of the  ODT-like  command  characters  fall
into this class) and if not terminators, they are stored directly into
the  line  buffer.   Due  the  fact  that  most  of  these  terminator
characters  may  also  be  arithmetic  operators,  depending  of their
context (inside or outside of parentheses, on a line that does or does
not  begin  with  a  "word"), the context of each candidate terminator
must be checked by doing a scan of the line buffer to determine if the
first  character  in  the buffer is alphabetic (a "word") and, if not,
whether the character is inside of a parenthesized expression or is  a
quoted  character.  If any of these conditions are true, the character
is not a terminator so it is also put into the line buffer  and  input
continues.   If  none  are  true, the line buffer is terminated with a
carriage return (removing all of the special case checking that  would
be  needed  later) and the terminator character is acted upon (because
it is really a command character).  


        The program is designed in a fairly modular  fashion,  with  a
hierarchy  of  actions.  At the top level is the command input routine
(described  above).   Immediately  beneath  this   routine   are   the
special-character  (ODT)  command  execution routines, followed by the
word command execution  routines.   These  routines  are  not  at  two
different  levels  due  to  the  logic  of the routines themselves but
rather due to the fact that the addresses used by the ODT commands are
passed  to  the level of the word commands but not the other way (note
the 'SHOW' commands 'ODT' and 'REL').  This is due to  the  fact  that
ODT  is  required  to allow a return to the last location opened by an
ODT command by simply entering a "/".   These  call  numerous  support
subroutines  to fetch arguments (including evaluation of expressions),
get a word, etc.  All commands  (except  for  'SCAN')  then  call  the
mapping  routine to do whatever address translation is required and it
then calls the I/O  manager  which  pages  the  device  as  necessary.
'SCAN'  never  does  mapping  and  so  calls the I/O manager directly.
Other exceptions are the'FILE', 'SET' and 'SHOW' commands,  which  are
not  directly  related  to  device access but are required to make the
program useable.  These commands, by  their  very  nature,  require  a
significant  amount  of  code that is not able to made common with the
routines which are related to device access.  

        The hierarchy described above is  maintained  fairly  strictly
throughout  the  program and has allowed many new features to be added
with sometimes trivial amounts of code.   For  example,  when  overlay
support  was  added, only the 'SET' and 'SHOW' commands and the mapper
needed to be changed and then the <block> part of the address was just
re-defined  as  <overlay>  and none of the command routines or support
subroutines knew that anything had changed.  Adding the COS formatting




March 1977                                                              Page 47
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                          MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION:


required adding 1 or 2 words to each of 6 format tables in field 1 and
then adding new packing and unpacking routines in field 0.  Adding the
SCAN command required the addition of 1 word each to 2 lists, 5  words
of  initialization  code,  a  new subroutine and the separation of the
device access routine into  two  levels  (mapping  and  I/O  manager).
Again,  in  both  of  these  cases none of the rest of the program was
changed.  















































March 1977                                                              Page 48
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
                               COMMAND SUMMARY:

SINGLE-CHARACTER commands:   ([<n>] = optional <item>)

  [<l>]/  <l>+    <l>-
  [<n>] with      #  $  :  %  &  <  =  >  ?  @  [  \  ]
  $ ("ALT-MODE")  "RETURN"  ;  "LINE-FEED"  !  ^  _

WORD-TYPE commands:  (And modifiers, many of which are optional)

    ASCII PACKED OS COS UNSIGNED SIGNED BCD BYTE OCTAL PDP FPP DIR
  DUMP    [<format>] <block string>       ([<format>]s above)
  LIST    [<format>] <location string>    ([<format>]s above)
  MODIFY  [<format>] <location string>    ([<format>]s below)
    ASCII PACKED OS COS NUMERIC

  WORD    <option(s)> <n>
          UNEQUAL  ABSOLUTE  MEMREF  FROM <l>  TO <l>
  STRING  <option(s)> <number string>
          MASKED  ABSOLUTE  FROM <l>  TO <l>
  SMASK   <number string>         e.g. 1,34,0,7700,0,(-1),377

  SET     <option>    <setting>
          OUTPUT    OCTAL  SYMBOLIC
          ERROR     LONG  SHORT
          FORMAT    <format>
          OFFSET    <l>
          LOWER     <l>
          UPPER     <l>
          DEVICE    <device name>
          LDEV      TTY  LPT
          MODE      NORMAL  SAVE  LOAD  OFFSET
          MASK      <n>
          FILLER    <n>
  SHOW    <option(s)>
          BLOCK  CCB  ABSOLUTE  RELATIVE  ODT  LOWER  UPPER
          MASK  SMASK  OFFSET  MODE  DEVICE  OUTPUT  FORMAT
          HEADER  FILLER  VERSION  ERRORS
  FILE    <file name(s)>
  WRITE   [<block>]
  SCAN    <block string>
  REWIND
  EXIT

  EVAL    <expression>        e.g. (1!(S+^D17))*^K15+(C&7600)
          !  &  +  -  *  /  (  )  C  L  S  B  R  D

Numeric input:

  ^D  ^K  <digits>  "<1 character>  '<2 characters>
  (...all eval options...)

Control characters:

  ^P  ^C  ^U  ^R  RUBOUT







March 1977                                                              Page 49
                      FUTIL - OS/8 File UTILity program
               SINGLE-CHARACTER COMMAND OUTPUT FORMAT SUMMARY:


  ([<n>] = optional numeric item)

Output in octal or octal & "symbolic" (PDP or FPP):

  <l>/     /      [<n>]"LINE-FEED"        [<n>]!  [<n>]^  [<n>]_
  <l>+    <l>-

Output in a specified format:

  [<N>]#          BCD
  [<n>]$          OS/8 ascii
  [<n>]:          SIGNED decimal
  [<n>]%          BYTE octal
  [<n>]&          COS format packed ascii
  [<n>]<          OCTAL
  [<n>]=          UNSIGNED decimal
  [<n>]>          PDP "symbolic"
  [<n>]?          DIRECTORY
  [<n>]@          "DATE" format
  [<n>][          ASCII
  [<n>]\          FPP "symbolic"
  [<n>]]          PACKED ascii
  [<n>]$ ("ALT-MODE")     as 'SET' by last 'FORMAT' option
        (or "ESCAPE")

No output:

  [<N>]"RETURN"   [<n>];
































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